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Esta batería ha durado 177 años y nadie sabe por qué


Raquel Segovia

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Captura de pantalla vía YouTube

Captura de pantalla vía YouTube

La campana eléctrica de Oxford es uno de los experimentos más antiguos del mundo.

En el laboratorio Clarendon de la Universidad de Oxford hay una campana que no ha dejado de sonar en al menos 177 años. Su energía la genera una batería que se instaló en 1840. A los investigadores les encantaría saber de qué está hecha esa batería, pero temen que si abren la campana podrían arruinar el experimento con el que se buscaba saber cuánto iba a durar la batería.

El badajo de la campana oscila hacia adelante y hacia atrás rápidamente, lo que significa que la campana eléctrica de Oxford, como se la conoce, ha sonado unas 10 billones de veces más o menos, según la información ofrecida por la universidad. Está hecha de una "pila seca", una de las primeras baterías eléctricas.

Las pilas secas fueron inventadas por un tipo llamado Giuseppe Zamboni (quien no tiene nada que ver con la empresa de pulidoras de hielo) a principios del siglo XIX. Estas pilas utilizan discos alternados de plata, zinc, azufre y otros materiales para así generar corrientes bajas de electricidad.

 

"No sabemos con seguridad de qué están hechas las pilas, pero está claro que el revestimiento exterior es de azufre y este se sella en las células y los electrolitos" escribió AJ Croft, un antiguo investigador del laboratorio Clarendon en un artículo para el European Journal of Physics, en 1984, donde describió la campana.

 La campana eléctrica de Oxford ha sonado unas 10 billones de veces más o menos

"Pilas similares a esta fueron creadas por Zamboni, cuyas baterías estaban hechas de 2.000 pares de discos de papel aluminio, pegados a un papel que estaba impregnado de sulfato de zinc y recubierto por el otro lado con dióxido de magnesio".

La campana no empezó necesariamente como un experimento. Fue manufacturada por los creadores de instrumentos londinenses Watkin and Hill y en ella puede verse una nota escrita a mano que dice "Instalada en 1840".

Finalmente, fue comprada por un investigador, quien dejó que continuara sonando (la universidad de Oxford sugiere que hay evidencia de que puede haber sido instalada incluso en 1825). El Guinness World Records (libro de récord Guinness) dice que esta fuente de poder es la "batería más duradera del mundo".

Seguramente pensarás que es muy incómodo que una campana suene sin parar durante 175 años, pero el voltaje que queda en la batería es tan bajo que el oído humano no puede escuchar el sonido. El badajo oscila constantemente, lo puedes ver en este video. Por este motivo, el experimento es más una curiosidad que otra cosa. Croft dice que la batería ocupa un nanoamperio cada vez que oscila entre los dos lados de la campana, lo que es una cantidad de corriente extremadamente baja.

Es decir, gracias a este experimento es probable que no seamos capaces de construir una batería mejor.

La campana no siempre ha sido algo curioso, pues en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los telescopios infrarrojos se alimentaban usando una pila seca similar porque se necesitaban fuentes de electricidad baja y portátiles. Croft escribió que un físico de Oxford, inspirado por la campana eléctrica de Oxford, investigó la receta para crear una batería similar y así darles poder a los telescopios.

La campana suena, suena y sigue sonando y nadie sabe cuándo parará. De hecho, las teorías de Croft afirmaban que "es más probable que se salga el badajo a que se acabe la energía electroquímica". Si eso sucediera, entonces quizás podríamos descubrir qué es lo que le ha dado la energía todos estos años.

Publicado originalmente en VICE.com 

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