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Polémica en Italia: repatriaron los restos del rey que apoyó a Hitler y Mussolini y envió a la muerte a miles de judíos


Raquel Segovia

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Víctor Manuel III reinó durante 46 años, incluidas las dos grandes guerras del siglo XX. El "rey soldado" asistió al auge y caída del Duce, con quien colaboró al promulgar las leyes raciales que permitieron la deportación y muerte de miles de judíos italianos

La llegada de los restos de Victor Manuel en Vicoforte, en Italia

La llegada de los restos de Victor Manuel en Vicoforte, en Italia

Los restos del monarca Víctor Manuel III regresaron el domingo a Roma desde Egipto, donde murió en el exilio tras gobernar entre 1900 y 1946, durante las guerras mundiales y la dictadura Benito Mussolini, lo que ha generado debate en el país.

Un avión militar trasladó los restos del penúltimo rey de Italia desde Alejandría, donde murió en 1947, y serán sepultados en el santuario familiar de la Casa Saboya en Vicoforte, en la región de Piamonte (noroeste), según recogen los medios locales.

El monarca será enterrado junto a la que fuera su esposa, Elena de Montenegro, fallecida en el exilio en 1952 a los 79 años en Montpellier, en Francia, desde donde ha sido trasladada en los últimos días con total discreción.

 
Los restos de la reina Elena di Savoia en el santuario de Vicoforte, cerca de Cuneo, en el Piamonte. (Rafaele Sasso/ANSA via AP)
Los restos de la reina Elena di Savoia en el santuario de Vicoforte, cerca de Cuneo, en el Piamonte. (Rafaele Sasso/ANSA via AP)
 

Víctor Manuel III protagonizó un controvertido reinado que se zanjó con su abdicación en Nápoles (sur) el 9 de mayo de 1946 en favor de su hijo Umberto II, un mes antes del referéndum constitucional que derivaría en la proclamación de la República.

En su mandato, Italia entró en la Gran Guerra, lo que le valió el sobrenombre del "rey soldado", y asistió al auge y caída del Duce, con quien colaboró al promulgar las leyes raciales que permitieron la deportación y muerte de miles de judíos italianos.

 
Víctor Manuel junto con Benito Mussolini
Víctor Manuel junto con Benito Mussolini

El regreso del cadáver, precisamente cuando se cumplen 70 años de su muerte, ha provocado divisiones en el seno de la familia Saboya y también cierto debate público.

La presidente de la Unión de las Comunidades Judías Italianas Noemi Di Segni dijo: "En una época marcada por la progresiva pérdida de la memoria y los valores fundamentales, el regreso de los restos de Víctor Manuel III en Italia no puede más que generar profunda inquietud, también porque llega en un año marcado por varios aniversarios", entre ellos "los 80 años de la firma de las Leyes Raciales".

"Hay que decirlo claramente, en todas las sedes", dijo Di Segni en una entrevista.

El biznieto del soberano, Manuel Filiberto, de 45 años, ha atribuido a su tía María Gabriela la decisión de enterrarle en Piamonte y ha criticado el lugar de sepultura y el modo "secreto" en el que se han trasladado los restos, "en secreto, sin una bandera".

"Estoy disgustado porque la iniciativa no se ha concertado en familia sino que en autonomía por mi tía María Gabriela. Aunque agradezco al presidente Sergio Mattarella su gesto humanitario", señala en una entrevista publicada hoy por Il Corriere della Sera.

Pero el principal motivo de decepción del miembro de la dinastía Saboya es que los restos de Víctor Manuel III no vayan a ser sepultados en el Panteón de Roma, lugar que acoge a otros reyes como Víctor Manuel II, Umberto I y la reina Margarita.

"Nuestra batalla ha sido siempre la de hacer que los restos de los antiguos reyes al único lugar diputado a su sepultura, el Panteón de Roma, no en una tumba cualquiera en Piamonte", lamentó.

Sin embargo los medios señalan que desde la Jefatura del Estado se rechaza tajantemente esta posibilidad.

 
Los dictadores Benito Mussolini y Adolf Hitler en Roma junto con el rey de Italia Víctor Manuel III y la reina Elena durante la visita del dictador alemán a Italia en 1938. Ese año el régimen promulgó las leyes raciales.
Los dictadores Benito Mussolini y Adolf Hitler en Roma junto con el rey de Italia Víctor Manuel III y la reina Elena durante la visita del dictador alemán a Italia en 1938. Ese año el régimen promulgó las leyes raciales.

El historiador Gianni Oliva explicó en el diario La Repubblica que los motivos para negarle la sepultura en el Panteón de Agripa son esencialmente tres, todos ellos vinculados al papel que el soberano jugó durante la II Guerra Mundial y la dictadura fascista.

Se le recrimina no haber retirado a Mussolini tras el asesinato en 1924 del líder socialista Giacomo Matteotti, su negociación con los aliados sobre la permanencia de la monarquía tras la caída del régimen, permitiendo la invasión alemana de Italia, y la firma de las leyes raciales, "su elección más grave" según el experto

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