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¿Por qué se ve la Luna durante el día?


Raquel Segovia

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El satélite de la Tierra está lleno de curiosidades, como su brillo, posición y elementos para observar por el telescopio

Foto de la Luna de día. Autor: Rikardo Agirregomezkorta.

La Luna es un astro sencillo de conocer, pero está llena de fenómenos curiosos. Por ejemplo, por qué se ve de día o por qué su brillo es distinto cada mes. Para resolver esas curiosidades y muchas más, el astrónomo Esteban Esteban ha estado en 'La mecánica del caracol' de Radio Euskadi.

La Luna se observa durante el día según su fase. 'Cuando está creciente se puede ver toda la tarde. En cambio, la menguante de madrugada', ha explicado el responsable del Aula de Astronomía de Durango y presidente de la Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Astronomía, Esteban Esteban. En el caso de la luna menguante, sale a medianoche, y se puede contemplar durante la mañana y mediodía. En luna nueva, de noche es invisible, pero de día es visible, porque está cerca del Sol y la cara oscura mira a la Tierra.

Además, se percibe distinta en enero y agosto, invierno y verano. Se debe a la trayectoria por el cielo del satélite del punto de salida y el punto de puesta, y también a la fase lunar. La Luna sigue el camino análogo del Sol. Cuando es luna llena, hace el camino que hizo la estrella seis meses antes. Por ejemplo, en invierno, el astro seguirá el recorrido que tuvo el Sol en verano. 'El Sol en verano está muy alto, dura más y está encima de la línea del horizonte'. La Luna, entonces, estará más brillante, más alta y más tiempo

 

El cuarto creciente ocupa la posición en la que estaría el Sol en la estación siguiente. Si es primavera, será la posición de la estrella en verano. En este caso pasa lo mismo; la Luna estará brillante, arriba y durante más tiempo en el cielo. Por último, en el cuarto menguante, ocupa la estación anterior. Por ejemplo, en primavera, tendría la posición del Sol en invierno, es decir, baja y de poco recorrido en el cielo.

La puesta y salida de la Luna también cambia, sigue la posición del Sol según la estación y el cambio lunar. Los equinoccios salen por el este y se ponen por el oeste. En los solsticios el punto de salida se desvía hacia el norte o hacia el sur.

Si la Luna se observa por el telescopio, también se encuentran fenómenos curiosos, distintos según a qué sitio se mire. Esteban destaca 'el terminador', la frontera de la parte iluminada y la parte oscura. Él matiza que es 'una zona espectacular y que cada día hay 'un espectáculo diferente'. Se pueden apreciar formar raras, las sombras largas y la X lunar, que suele ocurrir cada dos meses

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