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La Unesco pidió mayor esfuerzo para integrar a los niños migrantes en las escuelas


Raquel Segovia

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Según el informe mundial de seguimiento sobre la educación 2019, los niños migrantes y refugiados actualmente en el mundo "podrían llenar medio millón de aulas". Colombia fue destacado como un buen ejemplo

 

La Unesco pidió el martes a los países de acogida hacer más esfuerzos para integrar en sus sistemas escolares a los niños migrantes y refugiados en edad escolar, cuyo número aumentó un 26% desde el año 2000 hasta alcanzar 18 millones.

La Organización de Naciones Unidas para le Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura, con sede en París, precisa que la mitad de las personas desplazadas por la fuerza en el mundo tienen menos de 18 años, pero "en muchos países son excluidas del sistema educativo nacional".

"Los niños solicitantes de asilo en detención en países como Australia, Hungría, Indonesia, Malasia y México tienen un acceso limitado a la educación, cuando no son privados completamente de acceso a la educación", lamenta el informe.

Así, entre 2013 y 2017, "cerca de 50.000 niños de El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras y México fueron detenidos cada año en promedio en la frontera de Estados Unidos" donde los servicios de educación "no eran adecuados".

 

En México, "35.000 menores, más de la mitad no acompañados, han permanecido en centros de detención sin educación organizada, excepto por actividades ad hoc con un componente educativo limitado, tales como talleres de artesanía o debates de carácter religioso".

– Colombia, buen ejemplo de inclusión –

Otros países no cuentan por su parte con los medios para ofrecer una educación adecuada a estos menores.

Es el caso de Líbano o Jordania, que acogen el mayor número de refugiados por habitante y que tuvieron que imponer horarios escolares distintos de mañana y de tarde para los niños refugiados.

El texto menciona también países desarrollados como Alemania, que necesitaría 42.000 profesores para dar una educación de calidad a los refugiados.

En cambio, Ruanda e Irán recibieron una buena evaluación entre los países que realizaron "inversiones considerables" para que los refugiados asistan a la escuela junto a los niños nacionales.

En la lista de "buenos ejemplos de inclusión" figura también Colombia, que ha usado "su marco legal para proteger la educación de su población desplazada internamente", apunta la nota.

"La educación es la clave de la inclusión y de la cohesión. Una mayor diversidad en clase, si supone un desafío para los maestros, puede favorecer el respeto por la diversidad y ser la oportunidad para aprender de los demás", consideró Audrey Azoulay, directora general de la Unesco.

Si bien el informe señala que la proporción de niños inmigrantes en los países con altos ingresos pasó del 15% al 18% entre 2005 y 2017, destaca igualmente que "no tienen las mismas oportunidades que los otros" niños.

Por ejemplo, en 2017, en la Unión Europea, el doble de jóvenes nacidos en el extranjero abandonó prematuramente la escuela en comparación con los niños nacidos en el territorio.

"Los países no pueden considerar que han hecho su trabajo una vez que los inmigrantes están en la escuela", precisa Manos Antoninis, director del informe.

Estos niños "terminan en las escuelas con menos calidad o (…) peor equipadas ubicadas en los barrios desfavorecidos", lamenta.

Con información de AFP

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