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El Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU exige a Corea del Sur que reconozca el derecho a la objeción de conciencia

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El 3 de noviembre de 2015, el Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU emitió sus observaciones finales después de un análisis minucioso de la trayectoria de Corea del Sur en materia de derechos humanos. El Comité reconoció los pasos que ha dado el gobierno en favor de los derechos humanos, pero señaló específicamente que no ha implementado las decisiones anteriores sobre la objeción de conciencia al servicio militar.

El derecho a la libertad de conciencia y de religión

Aunque la objeción de conciencia al servicio militar es un derecho humano fundamental reconocido internacionalmente, Corea del Sur sigue castigando a los que por motivos de conciencia rehúsan servir en el ejército. Desde 1950, los tribunales han condenado a más de 18.000 testigos de Jehová, a un total de casi 36.000 años en prisión.

El informe del Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU instó al gobierno a:

Liberar inmediatamente a todos los objetores de conciencia encarcelados por negarse a hacer el servicio militar.

Eliminar los registros de antecedentes penales de los objetores, darles la debida compensación y asegurarse de que no salen a la luz sus datos personales.

Legalizar el derecho a la objeción de conciencia al servicio militar y dar a los objetores la oportunidad de realizar un servicio civil alternativo.

Responsable de cumplir con lo que ha pactado

Desde el 2006, el Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU ha emitido cinco dictámenes en los que acusa al gobierno de Corea del Sur de no adoptar una legislación para proteger el derecho a la objeción de conciencia y de castigar a los que reclaman ese derecho. * El último informe del Comité apremia al gobierno a “establecer los mecanismos y procedimientos necesarios para ejecutar los dictámenes del Comité”, lo que incluye la total aplicación de las decisiones que el Comité ya ha emitido.

Después de la emisión del informe, Seong-ho Lee, el presidente de la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos de Corea del Sur, admitió las violaciones de derechos humanos que aparecían en el informe. En una declaración pública en la que solicitaba al gobierno que pusiera en marcha las recomendaciones del Comité, Seong-ho Lee concluyó diciendo: “El gobierno tiene la responsabilidad de cumplir con todos los artículos del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos”.

Corea del Sur ha firmado ese pacto, por lo que está obligada a proteger los derechos que este garantiza. Como el Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU supervisa la aplicación del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y reconoce el derecho a la objeción de conciencia, Corea del Sur seguirá incumpliendo el tratado hasta que no implemente los dictámenes y las recomendaciones del Comité.

Con este último informe, el Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU se suma a la indignación cada vez mayor de la comunidad internacional sobre el trato que reciben los objetores de conciencia en Corea del Sur. Muchas personas de ese país y de todo el mundo están muy atentas a si el gobierno cumple con las obligaciones que ha contraído.

Fuente: https://www.jw.org/es/noticias/legal/legal-por-regi%C3%B3n/legal-corea-del-sur/objecion-conciencia/

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