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¿que es el "mate" que tomamos los argentinos?


Raquel Segovia

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Una descripción del mate

¿Vos querés aprender más sobre el fenómeno del mate en la Argentina? Pues, el primer paso es simplemente entender qué es el mate. Para decirlo muy simplemente, es un tipo de té o infusión de agua caliente y yerba mate, pero es muy diferente del té “normal” que se compra en bolsitas. El mate es muy común en la Argentina y se ha convertido en casi “la bebida nacional” del país (Scutellá).

Los instrumentos necesarios

Hay cuatro instrumentos necesarios para el mate: el recipiente, la bombilla, la yerba, y el agua. El recipiente es la taza en que se prepara y se bebe el mate, y el recipiente también se llama “un mate”. Los tres tipos generales de mates son los de madera, de metal, y de calabaza. Cada persona tiene su propia creencia sobre qué tipo es el mejor; a mí me gustan más los de madera. Los mates de calabaza tienen un nombre especial – porongos – y son quizás lo más tradicional. Según la tradición, tenés que “curar” un porongo antes de usarlo por primera vez (El mate, Club Eco).

 

Mate de calabaza; colección de mates; mate de metal

Mate de calabaza; colección de mates; mate de metal

El segundo instrumento que necesitás es una bombilla. Al contrario de la mayoría de Latinoamérica, en la Argentina esa palabra no significa “lightbulb” sino una paja de metal, especial para el mate, con un colador en el extremo para filtrar la yerba. Normalmente las bombillas son muy ornamentadas.

 

Bombillas
Bombillas

Luego viene la yerba, que “es un producto de América del Sur, obtenido de las hojas y tallos tiernos del ‘Ilex Paragueriensis’” (Carabajal). La planta se cultiva en un área que incluye partes de los países siguientes: Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia y Chile (Carabajal).

 

La planta y la yerba seca

La planta y la yerba seca

Hoy en día hay todo un proceso moderno del tratamiento de la yerba, con varios pasos: el cultivo, la cosecha, y la elaboración (Cobiella). Además, la elaboración en sí consiste en varias partes: el sapecado, el secado, y el canchado (Cobiella; Scutellá 154-160).

b4f6_yerba_mate_bombilla.jpg

El elemento final del mate es el agua. Esto es bastante simple – se la calienta en una pava. Lo único para recordar es que el mate requiere “agua cruda”, que no se ha hervido, y no “agua quemada”, que sí se ha hervido (Hojas sueltas, 3 y 12).

Tipos de mate

Hay tres tipos de mate que son comunes hoy en día en la Argentina. El primero es el mate amargo, que es el mate más simple (sólo la yerba y el agua). Luego hay el mate dulce, que consiste en el mate con un poco de azúcar. Finalmente, hay el mate cocido. Éste es mate servido en una bolsita de té, y lo preparás como un té normal (es decir, sin bombilla). Se sirve mate cocido sólo en cafés o restaurantes, pero nunca en la casa o con amigos. Es decir, el mate cocido es una versión más comercializado del mate, pero para un argentino tradicional creo que no es un “mate real”.

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