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Un objetor de conciencia ahora vive en paz


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Para Jeong Chun-guk, de 69 años de edad, cuyos siete años y diez meses de cárcel siguen siendo los más largos jamás atendidos por un objetor de conciencia al servicio militar obligatorio en Corea, la lucha por la paz finalmente le ha llevado a un tranquilo lote  de tierra en el condado de Geumsan, Chungcheong del sur, donde él puede centrarse en la agricultura y su fe.

"Creía que era más importante difundir el nuevo mundo que descubrí dentro de la Biblia", dice sobre su decisión de no servir en el ejército. Había seguido los pasos de su madre, convirtiéndose en testigo de Jehová cuando era un estudiante de primer año que estudiaba medicina en la Universidad Nacional de Chungnam en Daejeon.

Los Testigos de Jehová han sostenido tradicionalmente que la adoración debe ser sólo al "Reino de Dios", por lo que prohíbe la lealtad o la participación en cualquier gobierno nacional o política entre sus fieles. Aunque se les ha enseñado a obedecer las leyes de su lugar de residencia, se ha sabido que los Testigos de Jehová desobedecen las leyes que entran en conflicto con sus doctrinas, como negar la transfusión de sangre y negarse a cumplir funciones militares.

Su padre, un oficial de prisiones, estaba sin  palabras al enterarse de que Jeong había abandonado la escuela después de sólo un semestre.

Cuando Jeong cumplió 21 años en 1969, fue encarcelado durante 10 meses, en el apogeo del sentimiento anticomunista tras la incursión de la Casa Azul el 21 de enero de 1968, cuando los comandos de Corea del Norte intentaron asesinar al entonces presidente Park Chung-hee.

Después de la Restauración de Octubre de 1972, en la cual Park asumió poderes dictatoriales, los objetores de conciencia y sus familias fueron públicamente avergonzados y la pena se incrementó bruscamente con las enmiendas a la Ley del Servicio Militar y la nueva Ley Especial de Violaciones a la Ley del Servicio Militar.

A los 26 años, Jeong recibió otra notificación y orden de arresto. Envió a la corte del distrito de Daejeon una apelación de siete páginas, pero el juez de apelación lo condenó a tres años de prisión, el doble de la sentencia inicial.

Los guardias de la prisión, llegó a aprender, fueron particularmente brutales con los Testigos de Jehová. "Temiendo que los Testigos de Jehová pudieran hacer proselitismo, no nos hicieron trabajar. En cambio, nos vimos obligados a sentarnos durante todo el día. Las únicas veces que pudimos ponernos de pie fueron durante nuestras tres comidas y sesiones de ejercicio de 15 minutos ", dice Jeong. "Oramos para que pudiéramos trabajar de pie".

En aquellos días, la Ley de Servicio Militar no permitía exenciones de servicio hasta que se cumplieran tres años de trabajo penal. La Corte Suprema consideró legal repetir este castigo cada vez que se rechazaba el servicio militar, por lo que Jeong fue sentenciado nuevamente en 1974.

Al completar su segunda sentencia a los 29, le preguntó a la Administración de la Fuerza Militar por qué se estaba redactando un desertor universitario como él.

La Ley del Servicio Militar consideraba entonces a los candidatos elegibles para el servicio activo desde el momento en que se graduaron de la escuela secundaria hasta la edad de 28 años. Pero para los estudiantes de pregrado, esto se amplió a 30.

La administración respondió que incluso los estudiantes de primer año eran considerados estudiantes universitarios.

Un día en febrero de 1977, mientras esperaba para finalmente regresar a casa, Jeong fue llevado a la 32ª División de Infantería.

Recibió otros cuatro años de cárcel del tribunal militar por la condena de "desobedecer órdenes". "Pensé que este era el final", dice Jeong, "recuerdo haber llorado al ver los ojos llenos de lágrimas de mi madre".

Su castigo terminó en 1981 a la edad de 33 años.

"Era extraño ver a nadie que me acechaba por detrás mientras caminaba a casa", dice.

 

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