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Paleontólogos resolvieron un misterio de 70 millones de años


Raquel Segovia

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La incógnita sobre la aparición de huevos patológicos -anormales- de dinosaurio fue explicada por un grupo de investigadores. Qué dice su teoría

titanosaurios-1920-2.jpg

El estrés afectó a la reproducción de los últimos titanosaurios de Europa, según un estudio del Instituto Catalán de Paleontología Miquel Crusafont (ICP) que publica hoy la revista Scientific Reports.

La investigación reveló que la competencia entre especies habría sido la causa de los huevos patológicos -anormales- de dinosaurio de hace 70 millones de años que se han recuperado en varios yacimientos del suroeste de Europa.

Los investigadores creen que el estrés sufrido por la población de titanosaurios habría provocado que las hembras retuviesen los huevos durante más tiempo de lo normal, provocando alteraciones en el proceso de formación de la cáscara.

 
(Getty)
(Getty)
 

Los huevos patológicos de titanosaurios hallados en Europa son un misterio que ha intrigado a los paleontólogos desde que se describieron en los años setenta del siglo pasado.

La principal característica de estos huevos anormales es que tienen una cáscara multilaminada, con varios estratos superpuestos, una malformación relacionada con el fenómeno de la distocia, que conlleva la retención de los huevos en el oviducto de la hembra durante un periodo de tiempo anormalmente largo.

"La distocia se produce a consecuencia de alteraciones químicas ligadas al ciclo reproductivo cuando las condiciones ambientales, sean climáticas o ecológicas, no son óptimas para la puesta", explicó Albert G. Sellès, investigador del Grupo de Faunas del Mesozoico del ICP, que ha liderado el estudio.

Sellès identificó una correlación entre la presencia de estos huevos patológicos y un intenso fenómeno de reemplazo faunístico que tuvo lugar en Europa a finales del Cretácico.

Según el paleontólogo, durante millones de años, los titanosaurios fueron el grupo de dinosaurios más abundante y diverso de Europa, hasta que llegaron los hadrosaurios hace unos 70 millones de años, que irrumpieron con fuerza en un periodo relativamente corto dentro de la fauna de finales del período Cretácico.

"Ante una perturbación de tal magnitud, sabemos que el incremento en la competitividad entre especies por los recursos naturales produce una serie de alteraciones en las comunidades ecológicas, entre ellas un aumento del estrés", según Sellès.

 
titanosaurios-1920-1.jpg
 

"Este estrés -añadió- se puede expresar de muchas formas y una de ellas es la alteración de los ciclos reproductivos".

Los huevos patológicos se han localizado en un intervalo temporal muy concreto, lo que, según el trabajo, indicaría que su presencia estaría relacionada con un fenómeno "muy particular y puntual".

"Del mismo modo que una gallina deja de poner huevos en situaciones de estrés, las enormes se hembras de titanosaurio habrían retenido los huevos en los oviductos más tiempo del habitual y esta situación habría quedado reflejada en la estructura de la cáscara", detalló Sellès.

Los investigadores descartaron otras hipótesis como que la anomalía fuese producto de un cambio climático o de un cambio en los hábitos alimentarios de los dinosaurios.

El estudio analizó 450 muestras de huevos patológicos del género Megaloolithus, que se asocia al grupo de los titanosaurios, dinosaurios herbívoros de largos cuellos y colas.

Con información de EFE

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