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Decifrados mais dois grupos sanguíneos --Tipos de sangue incomuns apresentam problemas nas transfusões, nas gravides e transplantes


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Decifrados mais dois grupos sanguíneos

Tipos de sangue incomuns apresentam problemas nas transfusões, nas gravides e transplantes

Os grupos sanguíneos mais comuns em toda a população humana são A, B, AB e 0 (com Rh negativo ou fator positivo). Mas há cerca de trinta mais reconhecidos pela Sociedade Internacional de Transfusão de Sangue . Embora não sejam muito comuns, eles podem representar sérios problemas para as pessoas que os têm em casos de transfusão de sangue e em transplantes, e muitos deles têm pouca informação molecular, o que complica ainda mais os testes de análise e identificação. . Dois desses grupos raros, chamados Langereis e Junior, não estão incluídos nessa lista até agora, explicam cientistas que descobriram duas proteínas nos glóbulos vermelhos responsáveis por esses dois tipos raros de sangue.

Os problemas com esses grupos sanguíneos nas transfusões são escassos, uma vez que a proporção de pessoas que os têm entre os doadores é muito pequena, mas para pessoas de tipos raros de sangue é um risco, explica Bryan Ballif ( Universidade de Vermont ) , biólogo da equipe que encontrou as duas proteínas. Por exemplo, estima-se que existam mais de 50 mil pessoas no grupo negativo Junior no Japão, que podem sofrer incompatibilidade mãe-feto e complicações se receberem sangue. "Até agora, apenas 30 proteínas responsáveis por algum tipo de sangue básico tinham sido identificadas, e agora são 32", diz este cientista.

As duas proteínas identificadas são chamadas ABCB6 e ABCG2 e são conhecidas por serem associadas, além disso, com resistência a medicamentos contra o câncer, pelo que a descoberta também pode ter implicações para certos tratamentos dessa doença, disse Ballif em um comunicado da Universidade. O trabalho detalhado desses pesquisadores, que foi desenvolvido nos EUA, no Japão e na França, foi apresentado em dois artigos na edição de fevereiro da revista Nature Genetics .

As duas proteínas estão associadas à resistência a fármacos anticancerígenos

Embora os antígenos dos tipos Junior e Langereis (Lan) tenham sido identificados décadas atrás em mulheres que tiveram problemas que tiveram problemas para realizar sua gravidez devido à incompatibilidade do tipo de sangue com o feto, as bases genéticas desses antígenos eram desconhecidas, os pesquisadores apontam. No entanto, eles podem desencadear graves complicações. As transfusões são críticas nos casos de indivíduos com um anticorpo anti-Lan "em parte devido à falta de doadores com sangue compatível, mas principalmente devido à falta de reagentes confiáveis para exames de sangue", escrevem estes especialistas na Nature Genetics . Os doadores também são extremamente raros para o grupo Junior negativo.

A descoberta desses pesquisadores, liderada por Lionel Arnaud (Instituto Nacional de Transfusões de Sangue, Paris), alivia essa situação porque agora as novas proteínas desses grupos sanguíneos tão raros podem ser rapidamente identificadas.

https://elpais.com/sociedad/2012/02/28/actualidad/1330437322_008896.html?rel=mas?rel=mas

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2033989606871024&id=1874588709477782

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