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Siria, convertida en campo de prueba Las potencias probaron su nuevo y sofisticado sistema de misiles


Raquel Segovia

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Francia utilizó los flamantes MdCN, de alta precisión y mil km de alcance. EE.UU., el poderoso JASSM.

Ficha sobre el misil de crucero naval (MdCN)Versión 3D. (AFP)

Ficha sobre el misil de crucero naval (MdCN)Versión 3D. (AFP)

 

En los últimos años, la trágica guerra en Siria se convirtió en un campo de prueba de nuevos armamentos. Primero fueron los rusos, que ensayaron distintos equipos bélicos, y ahora son las grandes potencias occidentales que ensayan el poder de sus flamantes misiles. El ataque del viernes a la noche fue una muestra de esta tendencia.

La estrella del bombardeo que llevaron a cabo las fuerzas occidentales fue el nuevo misil crucero naval de Francia, el MdCN. Este sofisticado proyectil puede ser instalado en fragatas y submarinos y compite con el poderoso Tomahawk estadounidense por su alta precisión. En este caso fue disparado desde la fragata Aquitaine, anclada en el Mediterráneo.

El MdCN lleva 500 kilos de explosivo, mide 6,5 metros y vuela a 800 km por hora. Su alcance es de 1.000 km. Lo fabrica MDBA, un líder en tecnología de misiles en Europa. Es caro, 2,86 millones de euros, pero aseguran que su margen de error es ínfimo.

Objetivos y armamento utilizado por EEUU, Reino Unido y Francia en los ataques del 14 de abril. (AFP)

Objetivos y armamento utilizado por EEUU, Reino Unido y Francia en los ataques del 14 de abril. (AFP)

La segunda figura del ataque fue el estadounidense JASSM, un misil crucero de baja visibilidad desarrollado por Lockheed Martin, que se lanza desde cazabombarderos. El viernes se lo disparó desde un B-1 de cuatro motores. Llevan una carga de 450 kilos y tienen un rango de alcance de 370 km.

Estados Unidos también volvió a utilizar los tradicionales Tomahawk, que ya había empleado en el ataque de abril pasado contra Siria. Se cree que en este caso empleó el último de su clase, que cuenta con un moderno sistema de correlación con el terreno y motores turbo mejorados.

Un Tomahawk disparado del USS Monterey. (AP)

Un Tomahawk disparado del USS Monterey. (AP)

El sistema de precisión funciona en tiempo real contra objetivos armados móviles. Vuelan a velocidad subsónica para no ser detectados por radares. Fueron lanzados desde el crucero USS Monterey, también en aguas del Mediterráneo.

Pero los rusos fueron los primeros en utilizaron la guerra en Siria para probar su armamento de última generación que incluye versiones avanzadas de transporte blindado, artillería pesada, aviación y equipamiento de tropas.

Su bombardero biplaza Su-34, por ejemplo, fue el caballito de batalla de las Tropas Aeroespaciales rusas en el frente sirio. Está equipado con los últimos sistemas de detección y orientación de objetivos. Ataca en vuelo horizontal y resulta inalcanzable para los sistemas antiaéreos.

MOS29. HMEIMYM (SIRIA), 11/12/2017.- Fotografía de archivo del 4 de mayo de 2016 que muestra a soldados rusos mientras ensayan para un desfile en la base aérea de Hmeimym (Siria). El presidente de Rusia, Vladímir Putin, llegó a Siria hoy, 11 de diciembre de 2017, en una visita sorpresa y ordenó el comienzo de la retirada de las fuerzas rusas allí desplegadas, informaron los medios rusos. EFE/ Sergei Chirikov

Soldados rusos en la base aérea de Hmeimym, en Siria. (EFE)

Los helicópteros militares Mi-28N, hermano del clásico soviético Mi-24, fueron fundamentales en la lucha cotidiana. Equipado con cañones automáticos y cohetes guiados, son ágiles, con alta capacidad de maniobra.

Otro recurso ruso es el tanque T-90A, que demostró ser muy eficaz contra los grupos terroristas por su potente blindaje y dispositivos de destrucción a distancia.

También el lanzacohetes incendiarios TOS-1A Solntsepiok con ojivas termobáricas que al explotar arrasan con todo lo que hay alrededor. La artillería rusa desarrolló una sofisticación notable, con proyectiles guiados que fueron invaluables en la lucha contra grupos terroristas en la región.

Como se ve, Siria no sólo sufrió una trágica guerra que devastó a su población, sino que en estos años sirvió para que las potencias experimentaran sus modernos equipos bélico.

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