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Congelaron embriones y ahora no se los quieren entregar


Raquel Segovia

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Congelaron embriones y ahora no se los quieren entregar

La pareja quiere destruirlos. La clínica donde realizaron el tratamiento en Mendoza les exige una autorización judicial. Qué dice la ley.

Una pareja de mendocinos que criopreservó embriones durante un tratamiento de fertilización asistida en Mendoza ahora quiere destruirlos, pero la clínica se niega a dárselos aduciendo que existe un vacío legal y exige una autorización judicial.

"El vacío legal está. Es incoherente que tengamos una Ley de Fertilización Asistida, y que allí no se contemple qué hacer con los embriones que se congelan, pero es así", aclaró la abogada y master en Bioética y Derecho y subsecretaria de Derechos Humanos de la Suprema Corte, Eleonora Lamm.

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"Hoy una pareja que apela a esto firma un consentimiento informado, en donde se estipula cuánto se le cobrará por año para mantener ese embrión congelado, que ronda los 20.000 pesos. De hecho, varias obras sociales lo cubren, pero no está claro qué hacer cuando una pareja los reclama, o cuándo deja de pagar, cuándo un embrión se considera abandonado, ni qué debe hacer la clínica con él", agregó.

En el caso testigo del que conoció detalles el portal Diario UNO, la pareja teme que se use ese material genético y lo reclamó, pero la clínica pidió una autorización judicial para otorgarlos, por lo que podría actuar aquí un juzgado civil y esa actuación podría sentar un precedente legal.

Qué dice la Ley

 

En nuestro país el reformado Código Civil y Comercial establece en el artículo 19, destinado al comienzo de la existencia: "La existencia de la persona humana comienza con la concepción" y se entiende que la concepción es sinónimo de implantación, es decir hasta tanto el embrión no esté anidado en el útero de una mujer no existe una persona desde el punto de vista jurídico".

"Por tanto, un embrión congelado debiera ser tratado como material genético y como tal quienes lo aportaron debieran poder disponer de él, pero en la misma ley 26.862 (de Reproducción Asistida) no está definido ese punto", aportó Lamm.

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Desde este vacío legal, tampoco los centros que congelan embriones saben qué hacer con ellos: por ejemplo cuando una pareja dejó de pagar por ese servicio y abandonó el contrato firmado, o cuando una pareja se separa y una de las partes quiere desechar el embrión y la otra no.

"La criopreservación se utiliza desde los años 80, y en algunas clínicas se usan consentimientos en donde aparece la caducidad, o se les da la alternativa a las parejas para que decidan si quieren donarlos o aportarlos a la investigación, pero en los hechos es difícil hacer cumplir esos contratos y hay quienes nunca toman esa decisión, y centros que no quieren destruirlos porque no quieren correr el riesgo de que a futuro la pareja los reclame", contó el ginecólogo especializado en fertilidad Antonio Martínez, cuyo instituto prefiere congelar óvulos o semen para no caer en ese vacío legal.

 

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