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La cruda advertencia de Stephen Hawking sobre el desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial


Raquel Segovia

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El astrofísico habló sobre los peligros de la tecnología en la apertura de la Web Summit de Lisboa, la capital portuguesa. Sus motivos

El cosmólogo británico Stephen Hawking durante la ceremonia inaugural de la Web Summit 2017 en Lisboa, el 6 de noviembre de 2017 (AFP)

Con la presencia del secretario general de la ONU, António Guterres, y el científico Stephen Hawking, la Web Summit se inauguró el lunes en Lisboa con un llamamiento general a prever y prevenir los efectos perniciosos del imparable avance de la tecnología.

La gala de apertura, en la que ejerció como maestro de ceremonias el responsable de este congreso tecnológico, Paddy Cosgrave, llenó el recinto del Altice Arena de la capital portuguesa, en el que resonaron dos temas principales: la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y los peligros de la tecnología.

El más explícito fue precisamente un ponente no esperado, Stephen Hawking, quien intervino por sorpresa a través de un video en el que sostuvo que revoluciones como la llegada de la IA pueden ser "lo mejor o lo peor" que le suceda "a la raza humana".

 
La inteligencia artificial podría forzar a los humanos a fusionarse con máquinas (iStock)
La inteligencia artificial podría forzar a los humanos a fusionarse con máquinas (iStock)
 

"Las computadoras pueden, en teoría, emular la inteligencia humana e incluso excederla", advirtió el cosmólogo británico. "La creación exitosa de una IA efectiva podría ser el evento más grande en la historia de nuestra civilización. O el peor. Simplemente no lo sabemos. Por lo tanto, no podemos saber si seremos infinitamente asistidos por la IA, o si seremos ignorados y marginados, o posiblemente destruidos por ella".

"A menos que aprendamos a prepararnos para los riesgos potenciales y a evitarlos, la IA podría ser el peor evento en la historia de nuestra civilización. Trae peligros, como armas autónomas poderosas, o nuevas formas para que unos pocos opriman a los muchos. Podría traer graves distorsiones a nuestra economía", agregó.

 
Stephen Hawking durante la Web Summit de Lisboa (Reuters)
Stephen Hawking durante la Web Summit de Lisboa (Reuters)

Sin embargo, Hawking se confesó "optimista" frente a la revolución tecnológica.

"Creo que podemos crear IA para el bien del mundo. Que puede funcionar en armonía con nosotros. Simplemente necesitamos ser conscientes de los peligros, identificarlos, aplicar la mejor actuación posible y prepararnos para sus consecuencias con bastante antelación", apuntó.

No es la primera vez que el científico advierte sobre los peligros que conlleva la IA. Sus argumentos coinciden con los del CEO de Tesla y SpaceX, Elon Musk, quien recientemente dijo que la IA podría causar una tercera guerra mundial o incluso forzar a los humanos a convertirse en máquinas.

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