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Председатель Совета по правам человека при Президенте РФ, лично выразил протест Президенту заявив, что закон посягает на фундаментальный Конституционный принцип


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По состоянию на 20 июля текущего года, рядовые граждане России и иностранцы, проживающие в России, сталкиваются с огромными штрафами за открытую демонстрацию своих убеждений, даже если они допускают это у себя дома. Этим выражается переход на новый уровень репрессий, свободы слова и гражданского общества в постсоветской России. По наблюдениям Центра гуманитарных технологий правительственные ограничения над свободной религии в России в последние годы, постоянно ужесточаются, приближая государство к верхней планке в ряду нарушителей религиозной свободы.

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Сегодня ограничения наложены на то, что верующие люди не могут говорить даже в пределах своего собственного дома, так что Россия уже входит в ряд таких стран, как, например, Вьетнам, который также запрещает обмен религиозными убеждениями за пределами культовых сооружений. Михаил Одинцов, который до недавнего времени был ответственным за защиту прав верующих в Российской Федерации при омбудсмене, отметил, что «в религиозной политике, мы уже подходим к нормам СССР».

В июле новым законопроектом (известным в просторечии по имени одного из его авторов, как «закон Яровой») был внесен ряд поправок в «антиэкстремистское законодательство». Положения, касающиеся религии были внесены в него за пять дней до второго чтения и приняты без общественного обсуждения, несмотря на выражение широкого общественного протеста. Несмотря на то, что по наименованию закон определяется, как антиэкстремистский, наилучшим образом он подходит для использования в целях усиления продолжающихся репрессий против гражданского общества в России. В последние годы наблюдается введение все более ужесточающих поправок в законы в отношении российских некоммерческих и религиозных организаций, а также предназначенных для неконституционных способов дискриминировать религиозные меньшинства, НКО и журналистов... 

В соответствии с действующим законодательством об экстремизме, например, было возбуждено уголовное дело в отношении последователей Свидетелей Иеговы и на границе изымали их литературу религиозного содержания, готовя почву для ликвидации религиозной организации. В то время как насилие со стороны экстремистов с религиозной и иной мотивацией их действий является, как и всюду, реальной проблемой России, понятие «экстремизм» используется как ярлык для навешивания его на непопулярные у администраторов группы, которые не представляют никакой угрозы для государства...

Рост репрессий в отношении гражданского общества в сочетании с распространением устрашающих слухов о «хищных иностранных религиях» формируют ядовитую смесь. После падения Советского Союза в России выражалась обеспокоенность по поводу восприятия состоятельных иностранцев, приезжающих в страну, чтобы создать свои религиозные сообщества за счет Русского православия и ослабленной советской системы. После 70 лет преследований государством людей за религиозные убеждения и всех религии это, пожалуй, было понятно. Однако, «защита православия» теперь стало восприниматься как соответствие стратегическим национальным интересам. 

В 2000 году российский федеральный чиновник сделал заявление о политике в области национальной безопасности, сообщив, что приоритеты «национальной безопасности Российской Федерации включают в себя также защиту его . . . духовно-нравственного наследия» и «предполагают противодействие негативному влиянию иностранных религиозных организаций и миссионеров».

Закон Яровой расширяет понятие экстремизма и объединяет его с «национальной безопасностью» в виде защиты от проповеднической деятельности. Это обширный запрет на большинство форм миссионерской деятельности, включая совместное исповедание своих убеждений в частных жилищах граждан. Миссионерская деятельность, определяемая как «деятельность религиозных организаций направленная на распространение сведений о его учении (в том числе и обмен информацией онлайн) среди лиц, не являющихся участниками»,  может осуществляться лицами, имеющими документально подтвержденные полномочия от своих религиозных объединений и доказательство того, что их организации зарегистрированы. 

Уполномоченные представители могут участвовать в миссионерской деятельности только на территории церкви и проповедовать на территории той области, в которой зарегистрирована соответствующая религиозная организация или группа. Те же действия в жилых помещениях запрещены так же, как попытки обойти закон путем переоборудования жилых помещений в целевые – для религиозного использования. Лица, нарушившие закон, должны заплатить штраф от 5000 до 50 000 рублей (на сумму в размере шести недель средней заработной платы, или US $780). 

Организации несут ответственность за нарушения, допущенные своими членами и могут быть оштрафованы на сумму от 100 000 до 1 000 000 рублей и ликвидированы.
Участие иностранных миссионеров новым законом также ограничивается: они могут быть приглашены в страну той религиозной организацией, с которой у них обязан существовать договор, а представительства иностранных религиозных организаций (иностранных религий, которые не получили местной или национальной регистрации) не могут заниматься миссионерской деятельностью.

Статьи закона сформулированы туманно, непонятно и неясно, как они могут быть истолковано. Закон включает в себя широкий запрет на любую миссионерскую деятельность, которая направлена на «нарушение общественной безопасности и общественного порядка; осуществлению экстремистской деятельности, принуждение к разрушению семьи», «повреждения нравов» и «убеждение лиц, отказаться от выполнения гражданских обязанностей, установленных законом». Предложение столь широких категорий представляется невозможным для того, чтобы люди могли четко определить, чем им можно заниматься. «Отказывается от выполнения гражданских обязанностей», например, представляет собой широкую категорию, применявшуюся в советское время для заключения в тюрьмы религиозных диссидентов.
Неясностей много. Что такое незаконная миссионерская работа, если «миссионер» не принадлежит к зарегистрированной религиозной организации? Какие виды деятельности являются миссионерством – «церковные службы» или «религиозные таинства и обряды» (которые разрешены в жилых домах) и при каких условиях эта деятельность становится незаконным «миссионерством»?

 Несколько человек в разных регионах страны уже привлекались к ответственности на основании закона, и эти прецеденты предполагают, что закон будет трактоваться достаточно широко. Так, гражданин Ганы был осужден 1 августа за крещение в бассейне, арендованном в санатории, хотя он утверждал, что не стремится привлекать новых членов. Независимый американский баптистский проповедник был оштрафован 14 августа за проведение молитвенного собрания у себя дома, потому что он, якобы, сообщил об этом на доске объявлений во дворе.

В связи с противоречием нового закона Конституции можно надеяться, что он будет отменен. Закон явно нарушает в России конституционные гарантии свободы слова и вероисповедания, а также международные обязательства Российской Федерации о свободе вероисповедания и свободе слова. Российское законодательство и международные нормы дают все возможности для формирования законов, которые могли бы защитить государство от реальных угроз насилия, но запрещающий для граждан обмен взглядами закон Яровой, явно направлен против религиозного самовыражения и наносит вред законопослушным гражданам.

Михаил Федотов, председатель Совета по развитию гражданского общества и правам человека при Президенте РФ, лично выразил протест Путину заявив, что закон «создает необоснованные и чрезмерные ограничения на свободу совести верующих всех религий, и посягает на фундаментальный Конституционный принцип невмешательства государства во внутреннюю структуру религиозных объединений».

Элизабет А. КЛАРК - доктор права, профессор, заместитель директора Международного центра права и религиоведения университета Бригама Янга. 

http://www.religiopolis.org/

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As of July 20 this year, and ordinary Russian citizens and foreigners residing in Russia, faced with huge fines for publicly display their beliefs, even if they allow it at home. This reflected a new level of repression of freedom of expression and civil society in post-Soviet Russia. According to the observations of the Centre for Humanitarian Technologies government restrictions on free religion in Russia in recent years, constantly being tightened, bringing the country to the top of the bar in a number of violators of religious freedom.

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Today, restrictions have been placed on the fact that religious people can not speak, even within their own home, so that Russia is already included in a number of countries, such as Vietnam, which also prohibits the exchange of religious beliefs outside places of worship. Mikhail Odintsov, who until recently was responsible for the protection of the rights of believers in the Russian Federation to the Ombudsman, noted that "in the religious policy, we have come to the norms of the USSR."

In July, the new bill (known colloquially named after one of its authors as "the law of Spring") was introduced a number of amendments to the "anti-extremist legislation". The provisions relating to religion were introduced into it five days before the second reading and adopted without public discussion, despite the expression of a wide public protest. Despite the fact that the law is determined by name, as the anti-extremist, he is best suited for use in order to strengthen the ongoing crackdown on civil society in Russia. In recent years there has been the introduction of increasingly repressive amendments to the laws on Russian non-profit and religious organizations, as well as designed to unconstitutional methods to discriminate against religious minorities, NGOs and journalists ...

In accordance with the current legislation on extremism, for example, it opened a criminal case against the followers of Jehovah's Witnesses and at the border confiscated their religious literature, preparing the ground for the liquidation of a religious organization. While violence by extremists on religious or other motivations of their actions is, as everywhere, a real problem in Russia, the concept of "extremism" is used as a shortcut for hanging it on the unpopular from a group of administrators who pose no threat to the state .. .

Height of repression against civil society, combined with the spread of frightening rumors about "predatory foreign religions" form a toxic mix. After the fall of the Soviet Union in Russia expressed concern over the perception of wealthy foreigners coming into the country to create their own religious communities at the expense of Russian Orthodoxy and weakened the Soviet system. After 70 years of state persecution of people for their religious beliefs and all religions it is, perhaps, was understandable. However, "the protection of Orthodoxy" is now perceived as matching a strategic national interests.

In 2000, the Russian federal official made a statement on national security policy, saying that the priorities "of the Russian Federation's national security also include the protection of the. . . spiritual and moral heritage "and" opposition to suggest the negative influence of foreign religious organizations and missionaries. "

Spring Act expands the definition of extremism and combines it with a "national security" in the form of protection from the preaching work. It is an extensive ban on most forms of missionary activity, including joint confession of their beliefs in private homes of citizens. Missionary activity, defined as "activities of religious organizations aimed at the dissemination of information about his teaching (including the exchange of information online) among non-participants" can be carried out by persons with documented authorized by their religious associations and proof that their organizations registered.

Authorized representatives can participate in missionary activity only in the church and preach in the territory of the region, which registered respective religious organization or group. The same actions are prohibited in residential areas as well as an attempt to circumvent the law, by the conversion of residential premises in the target - for religious use. Persons who violate the law must pay a fine of 5000 to 50 000 (in the amount of six weeks, the average wage, or US $ 780).

Organizations are responsible for the violations committed by its members and may be fined from 100 000 to 1 000 000 and eliminated.
Participation of foreign missionaries, the new law also limited: they can be invited to the country of the religious organization with which they shall be an agreement, and representative offices of foreign religious organizations (foreign religions that do not receive local or national registration) may not engage in missionary activity.

Article vaguely formulated law is unclear and it is not clear how they can be interpreted. The law includes a ban on any missionary activity, which is aimed at "disturbing public security and public order; extremist activity, coercion into destroying the family "," damage morals "and" the conviction of persons to refuse to perform civil duties established by law. " The offer is so broad categories is impossible for people to be able to clearly define what they can do. "Refuses to perform civil obligations", for example, is a broad category, is used in Soviet times for the imprisonment of religious dissidents.
Many ambiguities. What is illegal missionary work, if the "missionary" does not belong to a registered religious organization? What activities are missionary - "church services" or "religious rites and sacraments" (which are permitted in residential buildings), and the conditions under which this activity is illegal "missionary"?

Several people in different regions of the country have been prosecuted under the law, and these precedents suggest that the law will be interpreted broadly. For example, a citizen of Ghana, was convicted on August 1 for the baptism in the pool, rented in the resort, although it is claimed that does not seek to attract new members. Independent American Baptist preacher was fined August 14 for holding a prayer meeting at his home, because he was allegedly told about it on the bulletin board in the backyard.

In connection with the controversy of the new law of the Constitution it is hoped that it will be canceled. The law clearly violates Russia's constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech and religion, as well as international commitments of the Russian Federation on freedom of religion and freedom of speech. Russian legislation and international standards provide every opportunity for the formation of laws that would protect the state from the real threats of violence but prohibits citizens exchange views Spring Law expressly directed against religious expression and harm law-abiding citizens.

Mikhail Fedotov, chairman of the Civil Society and Human Rights Development Council under the Russian President, personally protested Putin said that the law "creates an unreasonable and excessive restrictions on the freedom of conscience of believers of all religions, and encroaches on the fundamental constitutional principle of non-interference in the internal structure of religious associations ".

Elizabeth A. CLARK - Doctor of Law, Professor, Deputy Director of the International Center for Law and Religious Studies of the University of Brigham Young.

http://www.religiopolis.org/

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There is a clear emphasis on avoiding the apostate translation and its meaning, yet many seem to overlook the biblical foundation for the reasons NOT to follow the path of the fallen brethren or those with an apostate mentality. Those individuals have embraced the path of darkness, where the illuminating power of light cannot penetrate, to avoid receiving the righteous discipline based on God's Bible teachings. They are undoubtedly aware that this undeniable truth of life must be disregarded in order to uphold their baseless justifications for the unjust act of shunning. Can anyone truly "force" someone or stop them from rejecting a friend or family member? Such a notion would be absurd, considering the fact that we all have the power of free will. If a Witness decides to distance themselves from a family member or friend simply because they have come out as gay, who is anyone within the organization to question or challenge that personal sentiment? 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