English

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A

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Anciano de Betel - cesado 2006

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Conmemoración de la Muerte de Nuestro Señor Jesucristo

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E

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Escuela de Entrenamiento Ministerial

Escuela de Evangelizadores del Reino 
Escuela de Galaad

Escuela de Varones Solteros

Estudio Biblico de congregación
Estudio de Libro de congregación - cesado Abril 2008

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G
H
I
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L
LL
M
N
Ñ
O
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Salon del Reino
Superintendente de Circuito
Superintendente de Ciudad
Superintendente de Distrito

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U
V
W
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Y
Z

 

This page has been moved to a wiki page that we can all update here:

https://www.theworldnewsmedia.org/wikis/world-wiki/religion/list-of-terminology-used-by-jehovahs-witnesses-r25/

 

Jehovah's Witnesses > Notable JW's
See also: Celebrities who are/were JW's

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Alive:

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Brothers:

Mark Sanderson
William Malenfant
Don Adams
Karl A. Adams
Joel Adams
Michael Aronowitz
Ted Armstrong
Malcolm Allen
David Ianelli
Norman Mosure "Stormin' Norman" - District Overseer
George Couch (Bethelite 1957-2007)
Geoffrey Jackson (Governing Body Member)
Colin Quackenbush - Talk / Talk (still alive?)
Angelo Manera - District Overseer - Talk
Judah Schroeder
Gary Breaux oversees Richard Ashe
 

Sisters:

Simone Arnold Liebster

 

Deceased:

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Pastor Charles Taze Russell (spouse) (foster daughter)
Joseph L. Russell
Alexander H MacMillan
George Storrs (Influenced Pastor Russell)
Henry Grew (Influenced Pastor Russell)
George Stetson (Influenced Pastor Russell)
Judge Rutherford / Joseph Franklin Rutherford
Nathan Knorr
Nelson H. Barbour (Influenced Pastor Russell Pre-Watch Tower)
Frederick William Franz
Raymond Franz
Theodore Jaracz
Daniel Sydlik
Carey Barber
Karl A Adams
Milton G. Henschel
Liebster, Max
John E. Barr
Leopold Engleitner
William 'Bible' Brown
W. Glen How
Grant Suiter
Hayden C. Covington
Olin R. Moyle
Ulysses Glass - Gilead Instructor
Bob Mackey
Benjamin Martin

J.R. Brown

Albert Schroeder

Charles Sinutko

Sisters:

Nancy Yuen
Lilian Gobitas Klose
Dorothy Covington, Wife of Civil Liberties Attorney Hayden Covington, Dies at 92
Jeanette (Jenny) Jackson

See also:
Bethel Personnel Assignments (2000)
 

Note - Over the past 15 years keeping information available, organized and online has proven very difficult. If you see a name above then there was once an entire article, photos and more about the person yet they have been lost through moves and technology changes. If you have lots of details about one of them please make a topic and start posting about them. I will link them up at a later date.

Enjoy!

lllll

 

...

...

 

@JW Insider made a detailed comment about how this calculation was made somewhere on jw-archive.org 

He might remember exactly which post it was on. 

See main article on Holy Spirit >



THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA{*} (circa. 350-428 C.E.): “...The people of the Old Testament WERE UNAWARE of a distinct hypostasis of a Holy Spirit identified as a person [GREEK FONTS] in its own right in God, since everyone before the coming of Christ the Lord knew of God and creation BUT NOTHING FURTHER. The divine Scripture taught this to its readers at that time without having an insight into anything in invisible creation consisting of separate kinds, referring to all the invisible and ministering beings in general as angels and powers, which according to its teaching carried out the divine decisions. Consequently, they WERE NOT in a position to know of a Holy Spirit as a distinct hypostasis in God, being unable even to list separate kinds among th eministering beings or to associate with God what could be described as a distinct person (provswpon), SINCE THEY UNDERSTOOD NOTHING OF THIS SORT...” - (Chapter , Section , “On Haggai 2.5,” Page 29, Introduction, Subheading 6, “Christological and Trinitarian theology of the Commentary,” in: “THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA COMMENTARY ON THE TWELVE PROPHETS,” Translated by Robert C. Hill, Australian Catholic University, in: “THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH - A NEW TRANSLATION,” The Catholic University Of America Press, Washington, D.C., Copyright © 2004.)

[FOOTNOTE *]: Also known as: “Theodore of Antioch.”
http://www.scribd.com/doc/232435060/17/COMMENTARY-ON-THE-PROPHET-HAGGAI


THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA{*} (circa. 350-428 C.E.): “...J[oe]l 2.28, “I shall pour out my spirit on all flesh,” Theodore hastens to comment, “...The people in the time of the Old Testament did not understand the Holy Spirit to be a [GREEK FONT] distinct from the others, being both God and from God; by ‘spirit of God,’ ‘holy spirit,’ and every other such name at the time THEY REFERRED TO HIS GRACE, CARE, AND AFFECTION...” - (Chapter , Section , “On Joel,” Page 28, Introduction, Subheading 6, “Christological and Trinitarian theology of the Commentary,” in: “THEODORE OF MOPSUESTIA COMMENTARY ON THE TWELVE PROPHETS,” Translated by Robert C. Hill, Australian Catholic University, in: “THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH - A NEW TRANSLATION,” The Catholic University Of America Press, Washington, D.C., Copyright © 2004.)
[FOOTNOTE *]: Also known as: “Theodore of Antioch.”
http://www.scribd.com/doc/232435060/17/COMMENTARY-ON-THE-PROPHET-HAGGAI

See main article on Holy Spirit >
GREEK TEXT: “...Μᾶλλον δὲ φιλοσοφήσω σοι περὶ αὐτοῦ μικρὸν ἄνωθεν. Περὶ τριάδος γὰρ καὶ πρότερον διειλήφαμεν. Τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Σαδδου καῖοι μὲν οὐδὲ εἶναι τὸ παράπαν ἐνόμισαν· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀγγέλους, οὐδὲ ἀνάστασιν· οὐκ οἶδ' ὅθεν τὰς τοσαύτας περὶ αὐτοῦ μαρτυρίας ἐν τῇ παλαιᾷ διαπτύσαντες. Ἑλλήνων δὲ οἱ θεολογικώτεροι, καὶ μᾶλλον ἡμῖν προσεγγίσαντες, ἐφαντάσθησαν μέν, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ· περὶ δὲ τὴν κλῆσιν διηνέχθησαν, νοῦν τοῦ παντός, καὶ τὸν θύραθεν νοῦν, καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα προσαγορεύσαντες. Τῶν δὲ καθ' ἡμᾶς σοφῶν οἱ μὲν ἐνέργειαντοῦτο ὑπέλαβον, οἱ δὲ κτίσμα, οἱ δὲ θεόν, οἱ δὲ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ὁπότερον τούτων, αἰδοῖ τῆς γραφῆς, ὥς φασιν, ὡς οὐδέτερον σαφῶς δηλωσάσης. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὔτε σέβουσιν, οὔτε ἀτι μάζουσι, μέσως πως περὶ αὐτοῦ διακείμενοι, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ λίαν ἀθλίως. Καὶ τῶν θεὸν ὑπειληφότων οἱ μὲν ἄχρι διανοίας εἰσὶν εὐσεβεῖς, οἱ δὲ τολμῶσιν εὐσεβεῖν καὶ τοῖς χείλεσιν. Ἄλλων δὲ ἤκουσα μετρούντων θεότητα σοφωτέρων, οἳ τρία μὲν εἶναι καθ' ἡμᾶς ὁμολογοῦσι τὰ νοούμενα, τοσοῦτον δὲ ἀλλήλων διέστησαν, ὡς τὸ μὲν καὶ οὐσίᾳκαὶ δυνάμει ποιεῖν ἀόριστον· τὸ δὲ δυνάμει μέν, οὐκ οὐσίᾳ δέ· τὸ δὲ ἀμφοτέροις περιγραπτόν· ἄλλον τρόπον μιμούμενοι τοὺς δημιουργόν, καὶ συνεργόν, καὶ λειτουργὸν ὀνομάζοντας, καὶ τὴν ἐν τοῖς ὀνόμασι τάξιν καὶ χάριν τῶν πραγμάτων ἀκολουθίαν εἶναι νομίζοντας...” - (Chapter 31, Oration 5, [31.5] “Fifth Theological Oration Oration,” MPG.)http://khazarzar.skeptik.net/pgm/PG_Migne/Gregory%20of%20Nazianzus_PG%2035-38/De%20spiritu%20sancto.pdf

GREGORY OF NAZIANZEN (circa. 329-390 C.E.):“...But as concerning [Or: “as respects”] those of us [Or: “among us” “in our midst”] who are wise [Or: “who are learned”], indeed, there are those who [Or: “some who are”] of the opinion [Or: “support” “accept” “concieve” “take as their interpretation/opinion”] that it is an active force [Or: “a power that is at work inwardly” “an energizing influence”], but others, a created thing [Or: “something resulting from an act of creation” “a creature”], yet others again, that it is a god [Or: “God” with a captial “G”], but there are ones who do not know which of the forgoing [they believe] out of a [Or: “their”] deep respect [Or: “profound awe or reverence”] for the opinion of the scriptures, merely affirming, that neither are clearly defined as actually written [Or: “explicitly made clear” “explained in an obvious manner” “distincly legible”]...” - (Chapter 31, Oration 5, [31.5] “Fifth Theological Oration Oration,” Translated by Matt13weedhacker 13/07/2014)

GREGORY OF NAZIANZEN (circa. 329-390 C.E.):“...some consider the holy spirit to be [Gk., ( ENERGIA ) Gk., ( ενέργεια )] A FORCE, others a creature, others God. Others making the vagueness of Scripture their excuse, decline to commit themselves...” - (Chapter 31, Oration 5, [31.5] “Fifth Theological Oration Oration,” Page 183, Subheading 7, “The Holy Spirit, (Pneumatology),” Chapter 8, “The 12 Essential Doctrines for Christianity,” in: “Essential Christianity Essential Christianity: Foundations for a Faithful Faith,” By Keith Sherlin, Forward by Dr. Mal Couch : 1stPresident of Tyndale Theological Seminary, Author House, 2006.)http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=RhwDJwFpSZgC&pg=PA182&dq=GREGORY+OF+NAZIANZEN+%E2%80%9Csome+consider+the+holy+spirit+to+be+A+FORCE,+others+a+creature,+others+God.+Others+making+the+vagueness+of+Scripture+their+excuse,+decline+to+commit+themselves&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MSzAU_D5DorVkwWw-IHQAg&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

GREGORY OF NAZIANZEN (circa. 329-390 C.E.):“...Of the wise amongst us some consider the Holy Spirit to be [Gk., ( ENERGIA ) Gk., ( ενέργεια )] an energy, others a creature, others God, while others again cannot make up their minds to adopt any definite view out of reverence for Scripture, as they put it, because it does not make any very definite statement on the point. On this account they neither accord to Him divine adoration nor do they refuse it to Him, and thus take a middle road, but which is really a very bad path. Of those again who hold Him to be God, some keep this pious belief to themselves, while others state it openly. Others to a certain degree measure the Godhead since like us they accept the Trinity, but they put a great distance between the three by maintaining that the first is infinite in substance and power, the second in power, but not in substance, while the third is infinite in neither of these two respects...” - (Chapter 31, Oration 5, [31.5] “Fifth Theological Oration Oration,” Page 115, Appendix: “The Doctrine of The Holy Ghost and of The Trinity,” in: “HISTORY OF DOGMA,” Volume IV, By Dr. Adolph Harnack, Translated from the Third German Edition, By Neil Buchanan, Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company Limited, 10 Orange Street, London W. C. 2. Dover edition, 1961.)[FOOTNOTE]:Adolf Harnack (cica. 1851-1930 C.E.)http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/dogma4http://m.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/dogma4.ii.ii.i.ii.html

GREGORY OF NAZIANZEN (circa. 329-390 C.E.):“...Or rather, let me reason with you about Him from a somewhat earlier point, for we have already discussed the Trinity. The Sadducees altogether denied the existence of the Holy Spirit, just as they did that of Angels and the Resurrection; rejecting, I know not upon what ground, the important testimonies concerning Him in the Old Testament. And of the Greeks those who are more inclined to speak of God, and who approach nearest to us, have formed some conception of Him, as it seems to me, though they have differed as to His Name, and have addressed Him as the Mind of the World, or the External Mind, and the like. But of the wise men amongst ourselves, some have conceived of him as [Gk., ( ENERGIA ) Gk., ( ενέργεια )] an Activity, some as a Creature, some as God; and some have been uncertain which to call Him, out of reverence for Scripture, they say, as though it did not make the matter clear either way. And therefore they neither worship Him nor treat Him with dishonour, but take up a neutral position, or rather a very miserable one, with respect to Him. And of those who consider Him to be God, some are orthodox in mind only, while others venture to be so with the lips also. And I have heard of some who are even more clever, and measure Deity; and these agree with us that there are Three Conceptions; but they have separated these from one another so completely as to make one of them infinite both in essence and power, and the second in power but not in essence, and the third circumscribed in both; thus imitating in another way those who call them the Creator, the Co-operator, and the Minister, and consider that the same order and dignity which belongs to these names is also a sequence in the facts...” - (Chapter 31, Oration 5, [31.5] “Fifth Theological Oration Oration,” Translated by Charles Gordon Browne and James Edward Swallow. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 7. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1894.)http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/310231.htm

Satan = [Resister].

In many places in the Hebrew Scriptures, the word sa·tan′ appears without the definite article. Used in this way, it applies in its first appearance to the angel that stood in the road to resist Balaam as he set out with the objective of cursing the Israelites. (Nu 22:22, 32) In other instances it refers to individuals as resisters of other men. (1Sa 29:4; 2Sa 19:21, 22; 1Ki 5:4; 11:14, 23, 25) But it is used with the definite article ha to refer to Satan the Devil, the chief Adversary of God. (Job 1:6, ftn; 2:1-7; Zec 3:1, 2) In the Greek Scriptures the word sa·ta·nas′ applies to Satan the Devil in nearly all of its occurrences and is usually accompanied by the definite article ho.

Origin. 

The Scriptures indicate that the creature known as Satan did not always have that name. Rather, this descriptive name was given to him because of his taking a course of opposition and resistance to God. The name he had before this is not given. God is the only Creator, and ‘his activity is perfect,’ with no injustice or unrighteousness. (De 32:4) Therefore, the one becoming Satan was, when created, a perfect, righteous creature of God. He is a spirit person, for he appeared in heaven in the presence of God. (Job chaps 1, 2; Re 12:9) Jesus Christ said of him: “That one was a manslayer when he began, and he did not stand fast in the truth, because truth is not in him.” (Joh 8:44; 1Jo 3:8) Jesus here shows that Satan was once in the truth, but forsook it. Beginning with his first overt act in turning Adam and Eve away from God, he was a manslayer, for he thereby brought about the death of Adam and Eve, which, in turn, brought sin and death to their offspring. (Ro 5:12) Throughout the Scriptures the qualities and actions attributed to him could be attributed only to a person, not to an abstract principle of evil. It is clear that the Jews, and Jesus and his disciples, knew that Satan existed as a person.
So, from a righteous, perfect start, this spirit person deviated into sin and degradation. The process bringing this about is described by James when he writes: “Each one is tried by being drawn out and enticed by his own desire. Then the desire, when it has become fertile, gives birth to sin; in turn, sin, when it has been accomplished, brings forth death.” (Jas 1:14, 15) In the course that Satan took, there seems to be, in some respects, a parallel with that of the king of Tyre as described in Ezekiel 28:11-19.—See PERFECTION (The first sinner and the king of Tyre).
The Scriptural account, therefore, makes it plain that it was Satan who spoke through the medium of a serpent, seducing Eve into disobedience to God’s command. In turn, Eve induced Adam to take the same rebellious course. (Ge 3:1-7; 2Co 11:3) As a consequence of Satan’s use of the serpent, the Bible gives Satan the title “Serpent,” which came to signify “deceiver”; he also became “the Tempter” (Mt 4:3) and a liar, “the father of the lie.”—Joh 8:44; Re 12:9.

Issue of Sovereignty Raised. 

When Satan approached Eve (through the speech of the serpent), he actually challenged the rightfulness and righteousness of Jehovah’s sovereignty. He intimated that God was unrightfully withholding something from the woman; he also declared that God was a liar in saying that she would die if she ate the forbidden fruit. Additionally, Satan made her believe she would be free and independent of God, becoming like God. By this means this wicked spirit creature raised himself higher than God in Eve’s eyes, and Satan became her god, even though Eve, at the time, apparently did not know the identity of the one misleading her. By his action he brought man and woman under his leadership and control, standing up as a rival god in opposition to Jehovah.—Ge 3:1-7.
The Bible, in lifting the veil to give a glimpse into heavenly affairs, reveals that Satan later as a rival god appeared before Jehovah in heaven, challenging Jehovah to His face, saying that he could turn God’s servant Job, and by implication any servant of God, away from Him. He charged God, in effect, with unrighteously giving Job everything, along with full protection, so that he, Satan, could not test Job and show what was really in his heart, which, Satan intimated, was bad. He implied that Job served God primarily for selfish considerations. Satan made this point of his argument clear when he said: “Skin in behalf of skin, and everything that a man has he will give in behalf of his soul. For a change, thrust out your hand, please, and touch as far as his bone and his flesh and see whether he will not curse you to your very face.”—Job 1:6-12; 2:1-7; see SOVEREIGNTY.
In this special case, Jehovah allowed Satan to bring calamity upon Job by not interfering when Satan brought about a raid from Sabean marauders as well as destruction of flocks and shepherds by what Job’s messenger called “the very fire of God” from the heavens; whether this was lightning or other fire is not stated. Satan also brought a raid by three bands of Chaldeans, as well as a windstorm. These things caused the death of all of Job’s children and destroyed his property. Finally, Satan inflicted a loathsome disease upon Job himself.—Job 1:13-19; 2:7, 8.
These things reveal the might and power of the spirit creature Satan, as well as his vicious, murderous attitude.
It is important to note, however, that Satan recognized his impotence in the face of God’s express command, for he did not challenge God’s power and authority when God restricted him from taking Job’s life.—Job 2:6.
Continued Opposition to God. By his challenge of God and his charging God’s servants with lack of integrity, Satan lived up to his title “Devil,” meaning “Slanderer,” which title he deserved for having slandered Jehovah God in the garden of Eden.
Joined by other wicked demons. Before the Flood of Noah’s day, it appears that other angels of God left their proper habitation in the heavens, as well as their assigned positions there. Materializing human bodies, they came to dwell on earth, marrying women and producing offspring called Nephilim. (Ge 6:1-4; 1Pe 3:19, 20; 2Pe 2:4; Jude 6; see NEPHILIM; SON OF GOD.)

These angels, having left God’s service, came under the control of Satan. Hence Satan is called “the ruler of the demons.” In one instance, when Jesus expelled demons from a man, the Pharisees accused him of doing so by the power of “Beelzebub, the ruler of the demons.” That they had reference to Satan is shown by Jesus’ answer: “If Satan expels Satan, he has become divided against himself.”—Mt 12:22-27.

The apostle Paul associates Satan with “the wicked spirit forces in the heavenly places,” and he speaks of them as “the world rulers of this darkness.” (Eph 6:11, 12) As a governing force in the invisible realm immediately about the earth, Satan is “the ruler of the authority of the air.” (Eph 2:2) In Revelation he is shown to be the one “misleading the entire inhabited earth.” (Re 12:9) The apostle John said that “the whole world is lying in the power of the wicked one.” (1Jo 5:19) He is therefore “the ruler of this world.” (Joh 12:31) That is why James wrote that “the friendship with the world is enmity with God.”—Jas 4:4.

His Fight to Destroy the “Seed.” Satan made early efforts to block the promise of the “seed” to come through Abraham. (Ge 12:7) He evidently tried to get Sarah contaminated so that she would be unfit to bear the seed; but God protected her. (Ge 20:1-18) He did everything possible to destroy the ones whom God chose as Abraham’s seed, the nation of Israel, by inducing them to sin and by bringing other nations against them, as Bible history shows throughout. A high point in Satan’s ambitious attempts in his fight against God, and what appeared to Satan to be success, was reached when the king of the Third World Power of Bible history, Babylon, took Jerusalem, overturning the rulership of King Zedekiah of the line of David, and destroyed the temple of Jehovah, desolating Jerusalem and Judah.—Eze 21:25-27.

As an instrument of Satan, the ruling dynasty of Babylon, initially headed by Nebuchadnezzar, held Israel in exile for 68 years, until Babylon’s overthrow. Babylon had no intention of ever releasing its captives and so reflected Satan’s own boastful, ambitious attempts as a rival god opposed to the Universal Sovereign Jehovah. The Babylonian kings, worshiping their idol god Marduk, the goddess Ishtar, and a host of others, were actually worshipers of the demons and, as part of the world alienated from Jehovah, were under Satan’s domination.—Ps 96:5; 1Co 10:20; Eph 2:12; Col 1:21.

Satan filled the king of Babylon with the ambition to have complete domination over the earth, even over “Jehovah’s throne” (1Ch 29:23) and “the stars of God,” the kings of the line of David sitting on the throne at Mount Moriah (by extension, Zion). This “king,” that is, the dynasty of Babylon, ‘lifted himself up’ in his own heart and was in his own eyes and in the eyes of his admirers a “shining one,” a “son of the dawn.” (In some translations the Latin Vulgate term “Lucifer” is retained. It is, however, merely the translation of the Hebrew word heh·lel′, “shining one.” Heh·lel′ is not a name or a title but, rather, a term describing the boastful position taken by Babylon’s dynasty of kings of the line of Nebuchadnezzar.) (Isa 14:4-21) Since Babylon was a tool of Satan, its “king” reflected Satan’s own ambitious desire. Again, Jehovah came to the salvation of his people by restoring them to their land, until the real Seed of promise should come.—Ezr 1:1-6.

Efforts to cause Jesus to stumble.

Satan, no doubt identifying Jesus as the Son of God and the one who was prophesied to bruise him in the head (Ge 3:15), did everything he could to destroy Jesus. But, when announcing the conception of Jesus to Mary, the angel Gabriel told her: “Holy spirit will come upon you, and power of the Most High will overshadow you. For that reason also what is born will be called holy, God’s Son.” (Lu 1:35) Jehovah safeguarded his Son. The efforts to destroy Jesus when an infant were unsuccessful. (Mt 2:1-15) God continued to protect Jesus during his youth. After his baptism, Satan approached Jesus in the wilderness with three different strong temptations, thoroughly testing him on the issue of devotion to Jehovah. In one of his appeals Satan showed Jesus all the kingdoms of the world, claiming them to be his own. Jesus did not contradict this claim. Nonetheless, Jesus refused to contemplate even for the briefest instant of time any “shortcut” to kingship, nor did he consider for an instant the doing of anything merely to please himself. His immediate reply to Satan was, “Go away, Satan! For it is written, ‘It is Jehovah your God you must worship, and it is to him alone you must render sacred service.’” At this, “the Devil . . . retired from him until another convenient time.” (Mt 4:1-11; Lu 4:13) This illustrates the truth of James’ words later written: “Oppose the Devil, and he will flee from you.”—Jas 4:7.

Jesus was ever alert to the danger of Satan’s machinations and to the fact that Satan desired to cause his destruction by getting him to entertain a thought contrary to Jehovah’s will. This was demonstrated when Peter, on one occasion, though with good intentions, was actually throwing temptation in his way. Jesus had spoken of the suffering and death he was to undergo. “At this Peter took him aside and commenced rebuking him, saying: ‘Be kind to yourself, Lord; you will not have this destiny at all.’ But, turning his back, he said to Peter: ‘Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me, because you think, not God’s thoughts, but those of men.’”—Mt 16:21-23.

Throughout Jesus’ ministry he was in danger; Satan used human agents to oppose Jesus, trying either to cause him to stumble or to kill him. At one time the people were about to seize Jesus to make him king. But he would not consider such a thing; he would accept kingship only in God’s time and way. (Joh 6:15) On another occasion those of his own hometown attempted to kill him. (Lu 4:22-30) He was constantly harassed by those whom Satan used to try to trap him. (Mt 22:15) But in all of Satan’s efforts, he failed to cause Jesus to sin in the slightest thought or deed. Satan was thoroughly proved to be a liar, and he failed in his challenge of God’s sovereignty and the integrity of God’s servants. As Jesus said, shortly before his death: “Now there is a judging of this world; now the ruler of this world will be cast out”—completely discredited. (Joh 12:31) Satan had a grip on all mankind through sin. But, knowing that Satan would soon bring about his death, Jesus, after celebrating his last Passover with his disciples, could say: “The ruler of the world is coming. And he has no hold on me.”—Joh 14:30.

A few hours later, Satan succeeded in having Jesus put to death, first getting control of one of Jesus’ apostles, then using the Jewish leaders and the Roman World Power to execute Jesus in a painful and ignominious manner. (Lu 22:3; Joh 13:26, 27; chaps 18, 19) Here Satan acted as “the one having the means to cause death, that is, the Devil.” (Heb 2:14; Lu 22:53) But in this Satan failed to promote his cause; he only unwillingly fulfilled prophecy, which required that Jesus die as a sacrifice. The death of Jesus in blamelessness provided the ransom price for humankind, and by his death (and subsequent resurrection by God) Jesus could now help sinful humankind to escape from the grip of Satan, for, as it is written, Jesus became blood and flesh “that through his death he might bring to nothing the one having the means to cause death, that is, the Devil; and that he might emancipate all those who for fear of death were subject to slavery all through their lives.”—Heb 2:14, 15.

Continues to fight Christians. After Jesus’ death and resurrection, Satan continued to wage a bitter fight against Christ’s followers. The accounts in the book of Acts and in the letters of the Christian Greek Scriptures furnish numerous proofs of this. Paul said that he had been given “a thorn in the flesh, an angel of Satan, to keep slapping” him. (2Co 12:7) And as in the case with Eve, Satan disguised his real nature and purposes by “transforming himself into an angel of light,” and he had agents, ministers who “also keep transforming themselves into ministers of righteousness.” (2Co 11:14, 15) Examples of these were the false apostles who fought against Paul (2Co 11:13) and those in Smyrna ‘who said they themselves were Jews, and yet they were not but were a synagogue of Satan.’ (Re 2:9) Satan never ceased in making accusations “day and night” against Christians, challenging their integrity, as he did Job’s. (Re 12:10; Lu 22:31) But Christians have “a helper with the Father, Jesus Christ, a righteous one,” who appears before the person of God in their behalf.—1Jo 2:1.

His Abyssing and Final Destruction. 

At the time of Satan’s act in causing Eve and then Adam to rebel against God, God said to the serpent (actually speaking to Satan, since a mere beast could not understand the issues involved): “Dust is what you will eat all the days of your life. And I shall put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her seed. He will bruise you in the head and you will bruise him in the heel.” (Ge 3:14, 15) Here God made it known that Satan, cast outside God’s holy organization, would have no life-sustaining hope but would ‘eat dust,’ as it were, until he died. The “seed” eventually was to bruise him in the head, which would signify a death wound. When Christ was on earth, the demons identified him as the One who was to hurl them into the “abyss,” evidently a condition of restraint that in the parallel account is spoken of as “torment.”—Mt 8:29; Lu 8:30, 31; see TORMENT.

In the book of Revelation, we find described the last days of Satan and his end. Revelation reports that at the time of Christ’s taking Kingdom power, Satan is hurled down out of heaven to the earth, no longer having access to the heavens, as he did in the days of Job and for centuries thereafter. (Re 12:7-12) After this defeat Satan has only a “short period of time,” during which he makes war with “the remaining ones of [the woman’s] seed, who observe the commandments of God and have the work of bearing witness to Jesus.” In his efforts to devour the remaining ones of the woman’s seed, he is called “the dragon,” a swallower or crusher. (Re 12:16, 17; compare Jer 51:34, where Jeremiah speaks for Jerusalem and Judah, saying: “Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon . . . has swallowed me down like a big snake [or, “a dragon,” ftn].”) In the earlier description of his fight against the woman and his efforts to devour her man child, he is pictured as “a great fiery-colored dragon.”—Re 12:3.

Revelation’s 20th chapter describes Satan’s being bound and abyssed for a thousand years, at the hands of a great angel—doubtless Jesus Christ, who has the key of the abyss and who is the “seed” to bruise Satan’s head.—Compare Re 1:18; see ABYSS.

Satan’s final effort culminates in permanent defeat. 

The prophecy says that he is to be let loose for “a little while” as soon as Christ’s Thousand Year Reign is ended and that he will lead rebellious persons in another attack upon God’s sovereignty; but he is hurled (along with his demons) into the lake of fire and sulfur, everlasting destruction.—Re 20:1-3, 7-10; compare Mt 25:41; see LAKE OF FIRE.

What is meant by ‘handing a person over to Satan for destruction of the flesh’?

In instructing the congregation at Corinth as to the action to take toward a member of the congregation who had wickedly been committing incest with the wife of his father, the apostle Paul wrote: “Hand such a man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh.” (1Co 5:5) This was a command to expel the man from the congregation, cutting off all fellowship with him. (1Co 5:13) Turning him over to Satan would put him out of the congregation and into the world over which Satan is the god and ruler. Like “a little leaven” in “the whole lump” of dough, this man was “the flesh,” or fleshly element inside the congregation; and by removing this incestuous man, the spiritually minded congregation would destroy “the flesh” from the midst of it. (1Co 5:6, 7) Similarly, Paul handed Hymenaeus and Alexander over to Satan, because they had thrust aside faith and a good conscience and had experienced shipwreck concerning their faith.—1Ti 1:20.
Later, the incestuous man in Corinth apparently repented from his wrongdoing and cleaned up, prompting the apostle Paul to recommend his being received back into the congregation. In exhorting them to forgiveness, he gave as one of the reasons, “that we may not be overreached by Satan, for we are not ignorant of his designs.” (2Co 2:11) In the first instance, Satan had brought the congregation into a bad condition in which they had to be reproved by the apostle, for they were too lenient, in fact, were letting the wicked man carry on his practice without regard for the reproach it brought, being “puffed up” in allowing it. (1Co 5:2) But on the other hand, if they now swung to the other extreme and refused forgiveness to the repentant one, Satan would be overreaching them in another direction, namely, that he could take advantage of their becoming hard and unforgiving. Through God’s Word, Christians are enlightened to realize Satan’s existence, his power, his designs and purposes, and his manner of operation, so that they can fight this spiritual foe with the spiritual weapons God provides.—Eph 6:13-17.
- Insight on the Scriptures
Will Satan be dead when he is in the abyss for one thousand years?
Who ultimately destroys or “kills” Satan? Jesus Christ or Jehovah?
What about the Demons?
 

Devil

This descriptive name was given to Satan because he is the chief and foremost slanderer and false accuser of Jehovah, his good word, and his holy name. The Greek di·a′bo·los means “slanderer.” (Compare Lu 16:1, where the related verb di·a·bal′lo occurs.)—See SATAN.

Down through the centuries the Devil has demonstrated that he is the arch-opposer of both God and man. He disputed with Michael over the body of Moses (Jude 9); showed he has power to ensnare others (1Ti 3:7; 2Ti 2:26); used people such as the false religious leaders, Judas Iscariot, and Bar-Jesus as his children (Joh 8:44; 13:2; Ac 13:6, 10); oppressed persons beyond the cure of the physicians (Ac 10:38); had righteous ones thrown into prison (Re 2:10); and even had the means to cause untimely death (Heb 2:14). Christians are, therefore, admonished not to give this Slanderer of God an opening by continuing in a provoked state. (Eph 4:27) “Keep your senses, be watchful,” Peter warns. “Your adversary, the Devil, walks about like a roaring lion, seeking to devour someone.”—1Pe 5:8.

There are other instances in the original text of the Christian Greek Scriptures where the word di·a′bo·los occurs but does not refer to Satan, so the word is properly rendered “slanderer.” For example, in referring to Judas, Jesus said to the 12, “One of you is a slanderer” (Joh 6:70); women in the congregation were cautioned not to be slanderous (1Ti 3:11; Tit 2:3); that “men will be . . . slanderers” is one of the evidences of “the last days.”—2Ti 3:1-5.

Jehovah’s law to the nation of Israel forbade them to slander one another. (Le 19:16) The tenor of the entire Bible is against such misuse of the tongue.—2Sa 19:27; Ps 15:3; 101:5; Pr 11:13; 20:19; 30:10; Jer 6:28; 9:4.

See also
Watchtower (Public) - November 2014 - Is Satan Real?
Can Satan Influence Our Dreams?
Satan The Master Craftsman PDF

 

Taking Delight in Reading God's Word - Audio talks by Jack Jones
What Is Your Personal Bible Reading Custom? - Talk by Gerrit Losch
Maxwell Friend: Reading of Jehovah's Word
History of the English Bible - Audio
 

Elohim does not mean a "plural oneness" or a "plurality of persons".

That the Hebrew plural is often used for a singular noun to denote "a `plural' of majesty or excellence" is well-known by all Biblical Hebrew language experts and has been known from at least the time of Gesenius (1786-1842), who is still regarded as one of the best authorities for Biblical Hebrew.

Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament ("long regarded as a standard work for students"), p. 49, shows that elohim, is sometimes used in a numerically plural sense for angels, judges, and false gods. But it also says,

"The plural of majesty [for elohim], occurs, on the other hand, more than two thousand times." And that elohim when used in that sense "occurs in a [numerically] singular sense" and is "constr[ued] with a verb ... and adjective in the singular."

Gesenius - Kautzsch's Hebrew Grammar, 1949 ed., pp. 398, 399, says: 
"The pluralis excellentiae or maiestatis ... is properly a variety of the abstract plural, since it sums up the several characteristics belonging to the idea, besides possessing the secondary sense of an intensification of the original idea. It is thus closely related to the plurals of amplification .... So, especially Elohim ... `God' (to be distinguished from the plural `gods', Ex. , etc.) .... That the language has entirely rejected the idea of numerical plurality in Elohim(whenever it denotes one God) is proved especially by its being almost invariably joined with a singular attribute."

More modern publications (trinitarian Protestant and Catholic) also make similar acknowledgments of the intended plural of majesty or excellence meaning for elohim. (See the New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Vol. v., p. 287.

Nelson's Expository Dictionary of the Old Testament, describes elohim: 
"The common plural form `elohim,' a plural of majesty." - Unger and White, 1980, p. 159

The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia says: 
"It is characteristic of Heb[rew] that extension, magnitude, and dignity, as well as actual multiplicity, are expressed by the pl[ural]." - Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1984 ed., Vol. II, p. 1265.

Today's Dictionary of the Bible, 1982, Bethany House Publishers, written by trinitarian scholars, says of elohim:
"Applied to the one true God, it is the result in the Hebrew idiom of a plural magnitude ormajesty. When applied to the heathen gods, angels, or judges ..., Elohim is plural in sense as well as form." - p. 208.

The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. xxi, July 1905 (Aaron Ember) tells us: "several phenomena in the universe were designated in Hebrew by plural expressions because they inspired the Hebrew mind with the idea of greatness, majesty,grandeur, and holiness."

Ember also says: 
"Various theories have been advanced to explain the use of the plural elohim as a designation of the God of Israel. least plausible is the view of the Old Theologians, beginning with Peter Lombard (12th century A. D.), that we have in the plural form a reference to the Trinity .... that the language of the OT has entirely given up the idea of plurality [in number] in elohim (as applied to the God of Israel) is especially shown by the fact that it is almost invariably construed with a singular verbal predicate, and takes a singular attribute.

"...elohim must rather be explained as an intensive plural denoting greatness and majesty, being equal to the Great God. It ranks with the plurals adonim [`master'] and baalim[`owner', `lord'] employed with reference to [individual] human beings."

The famous trinitarian scholar, Robert Young, (Young's Analytical Concordance and Young'sLiteral Translation of the Bible) wrote in his Young's Concise Critical Commentary, p. 1,
"Heb. elohim, a plural noun ... it seems to point out a superabundance of qualities in the Divine Being rather than a plurality of persons .... It is found almost invariably accompanied by a verb in the singular number."

Both Exodus and 7:1 show God calling Moses "a god" (elohim). This alone shows the error of some that the plural elohim must mean a "plural oneness" unless we want to believe Moses was a multiple-person Moses.
And The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Zondervan Publishing, 1986, tells us: 

"Elohim, though plural in form, is seldom used in the OT as such (i.e. `gods'). Even a single heathen god can be designated with the plural elohim (e.g. Jdg. ; 1 Ki. 11:5; 2 Ki. 1:2). In the plural is understood as the plural of fullness; God is the God who really, and in the fullestsense of the word, is God." - p. 67, Vol. 2.

The NIV Study Bible says about elohim in its footnote for Gen. 1:1:

"This use of the plural expresses intensification rather than number and has been called the plural of majesty, or of potentiality." – p. 6, Zondervan Publ., 1985.

And the New American Bible ( ed.) tells us in its "Bible Dictionary" in the appendix:
"ELOHIM. Ordinary Hebrew word for God. It is the plural of majesty." – Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1970.

A Dictionary of the Bible by William Smith (Smith's Bible Dictionary, p. 220, Hendrickson Publ.) declares:
"The fanciful idea that [elohim] referred to the trinity of persons in the Godhead hardly finds now a supporter among scholars. It is either what grammarians call the plural of majesty, or it denotes the fullness of divine strength, the sum of the powers displayed by God."

And the prestigious work edited by says about this:

"It is exegesis of a mischievous if pious sort that would find the doctrine of the Trinity in the plural form elohim [God]" ("God," Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics).

To show how ancient Jewish scholars themselves understood this we can look at the work of the seventy Hebrew scholars who translated the ancient Hebrew Scriptures (OT) into Greek several centuries before the time of Christ. The Greek language did not use the "plural of excellence" that the Hebrew did. So, if we see a plural used in the Greek Septuagint, it was really intended to represent more than one individual.

So how is elohim rendered in the Greek Septuagint by those ancient Hebrew scholars? Whenever it clearly refers to Jehovah God, it is always found to be singular in number (just as in New Testament Greek): theos . Whenever elohim clearly refers to a plural (in number) noun, it is always found to be plural in number in Greek (just as in the New Testament Greek): "gods" theoi (nominative) or theois (accusative).

For example: "I am the Lord thy God [elohim - plural of excellence in Hebrew becomestheos - singular in the Greek Septuagint]" - Ex. 20:2. And "know that the Lord he is God [as always, the plural elohim, as applied to the God of Israel, becomes the singular, theos in the Septuagint] he made us..." - Ps. 100:3.

But when elohim really does mean plural in number, we see it rendered into the Greek plural for "gods" in the Septuagint: "Thou shalt not worship their gods [elohim in Hebrew becomestheois - plural in the Greek Septuagint], nor serve them .... And thou shalt serve the Lord thy God [singular - Greek]." - Ex. 23:24-25.

And elohim at Ps. 82:6 is translated in the Septuagint as the plural theoi. This scripture is also quoted in the NT at John 10:34 where Jesus is shown also using the plural theoi. 

The plural elohim argument is no more proper than the plural "faces" argument: When the Hebrew scriptures speak of the face of God, they invariably use the plural Hebrew word which is literally "faces" (e.g. Ex. 33:20, Num. , Ps. ). Obviously, according to this type of trinitarian reasoning, to have "faces" God must be more than one person!
It is apparent to any competent OT Bible scholar that "faces" is used in a similar manner to the plural "elohim." That is, the plural "faces" is used in a singular sense in the ancient Hebrew idiom.

We only have to look at other uses in the Bible. King David, for example, is described with the plural "faces" usage: 2 Sam. uses the plural "faces" twice for King David! This scripture, when translated into the ancient Greek Septuagint hundreds of years before Christ, used the singular "face" in Greek. The same thing has happened in many scriptures, e.g. 2 Ki. (Jehoshaphat) and 2 Ki. (an official).

Clearly, the Hebrew translators of that time did not understand a "multiple-person God" (any more than a "multiple-person David [or Jehoshaphat]") or they certainly would have translated the plural Hebrew "faces" of God with the plural Greek word for "faces." But theynever did!

Likewise, as with the plural elohim, the New Testament writers never followed the Hebrew plural usage for "face," but always used the singular "face" for God (e.g., Heb. 9:24). How extremely strange if they really believed God was more than one person.

We see exactly the same thing happening for translations of the plural elohim in the ancient Septuagint and in the Christian NT.

Yes, all the NT Bible writers, whether quoting from the OT or writing their own God-inspired NT scriptures, always used the singular "God" (theos) in NT Greek when speaking of the only true God of the Bible. (If the plural form had been used for the only true God, we would even discover a new "trinity" at John 10:34.)

It is absolutely incredible that John, Paul, and the other inspired NT writers would not have used the plural Greek form to translate the plural Hebrew form of "God" if they had intended in any degree to imply that God was in any way more than one person!
 

Chronological Bible Reading - One Year.pdf

 

 

Bible Reading in a Year.pdf

Bible Reading by Subject.pdf

Part of a series on:

 

ALMIGHTY.

Heb., Shad·dai′, plural to denote excellence, occurs 41 times and is translated “Almighty” or “Almighty One.” (Ge 49:25; Ps 68:14) The corresponding word in the Christian Greek Scriptures is Pan·to·kra′tor and means “Almighty,” or, “Ruler Over All; One Who Has All Power.” (2Co 6:18; Re 15:3) The expression ʼEl Shad·dai′, “God Almighty,” occurs seven times in M and indicates that Jehovah has irresistible power.—Ge 17:1; Ex 6:3.
ANCIENT OF DAYS.
Aram., ʽAt·tiq′ Yoh·min′, meaning “One Advanced [or, Aged] in Days.”—Da 7:9, 13, 22.
 

CREATOR. 

Heb., Boh·reʼ′. (Isa 40:28; 42:5) GRAND CREATOR.—Ec 12:1.
 

FATHER. 

Heb., ʼAv; Gr., Pa·ter′; Lat., Pa′ter; as Creator (Isa 64:8); as giver of everlasting life to all those who exercise faith. (Joh 5:21) The expression “Holy Father” is used exclusively with reference to Jehovah.—Joh 17:11. Compare Mt 23:9.

GOD. 

Heb., ʼEl, without the definite article, probably meaning “Mighty One; Strong One.”—Ge 14:18.
 

GOD. 

Heb., ʼEloh′ah, singular of ʼElo·him′, without the definite article. It occurs 41 times in Job and 16 times in other books.—Job 3:4.

GOD. 

Heb., ʼElo·him′, without the definite article. In The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. XXI, Chicago and New York, 1905, p. 208, Aaron Ember wrote: “That the language of the O[ld] T[estament] has entirely given up the idea of plurality in אלהים [ʼElo·him′] (as applied to the God of Israel) is especially shown by the fact that it is almost invariably construed with a singular verbal predicate, and takes a singular adjectival attribute. . . . אלהים [ʼElo·him′] must rather be explained as an intensive plural, denoting greatness and majesty, being equal to The Great God. It ranks with the plurals אדנים [ʼadho·nim′, “master”] and בעלים [beʽa·lim′, “owner; lord”], employed with reference to human beings.” ʼElo·him′ draws attention to Jehovah’s strength as the Creator and occurs 35 times in the creation account.—Ge 1:1-2:4.

GOD OF GODS (LORD OF LORDS).

De 10:17; Da 2:47.
 

GOD OF TRUTH. 

Heb., ʼEl ʼemeth′, indicating that Jehovah is true and faithful in all his dealings.—Ps 31:5.
 

GRAND GOD. 

Aram., ʼElah′ rav.—Da 2:45.
 

HAPPY GOD. 

Gr., ma·ka′ri·os The·os′.—Compare 1Ti 1:11.
 

HOLY GOD. 

Heb., ʼElo·him′ qedho·shim′.—Jos 24:19.
 

HOLY, HOLY, HOLY. 

Heb., qa·dhohsh′, qa·dhohsh′, qa·dhohsh′. This expression as applied to Jehovah includes holiness, cleanness, purity and sacredness to the superlative degree.—Isa 6:3; Re 4:8.

INDEFINITELY LASTING GOD. 

Heb., ʼEl ʽoh·lam′.—Ge 21:33.
 

INSTRUCTOR. 

Heb., Moh·reh′. (Job 36:22) GRAND INSTRUCTOR.—Isa 30:20.
 

I SHALL PROVE TO BE WHAT I SHALL PROVE TO BE.

See Ex 3:14 ftn.
 

JEALOUS. 

Heb., Qan·naʼ′, meaning “Insisting on Exclusive Devotion.”—Ex 34:14; see also Eze 5:13.
 

JEHOVAH GOD.

Ge 2:4. See App 1A.
 

JEHOVAH OF ARMIES (JEHOVAH OF HOSTS) (LORD OF HOSTS). 

(This expression with minor variations occurs 283 times in M. It also occurs twice in the Christian Greek Scriptures where Paul and James quoted or alluded to prophecies in the Hebrew Scriptures. (See Ro 9:29; Jas 5:4.) The expression “Jehovah of armies” indicates the power held by the Ruler of the universe, who has at his command vast forces of spirit creatures.—Ps 103:20, 21; 148:2; Isa 1:24; Jer 32:17, 18. See App 1E.

KING OF ETERNITY. 

Gr., Ba·si·leus′ ton ai·o′non.—Compare 1Ti 1:17.
 

KING OF THE NATIONS. 

Heb., Me′lekh hag·goh·yim′.—Jer 10:7.
 

LIVING GOD. 

Heb., ʼElo·him′, with the plural adjective chai·yim′ (De 5:26); or with the singular adjective chai (Isa 37:4, 17); Gr., The·os′ zon.—Compare Heb 3:12.

MAJESTY. 

Gr., Me·ga·lo·sy′ne, denoting his lofty, superior position. (Compare Heb 1:3; 8:1.) MAJESTIC ONE. Heb., ʼAd·dir′.—Isa 33:21.

MAKER. 

Heb., ʽO·seh′. (Ps 115:15; Jer 10:12) GRAND MAKER.—Isa 54:5.
 

MOST HIGH. 

Heb., ʽEl·yohn′.—De 32:8; Ps 9:2; 83:18.
 

MOST HOLY ONE. 

Heb., Qedho·shim′, plural to denote excellence and majesty.—Pr 30:3.
 

OVERSEER OF YOUR SOULS.

1Pe 2:25.
 

THE ROCK. 

Heb., hats·Tsur′. (De 32:4) Figuratively used to describe Jehovah’s qualities as perfect, just, faithful, righteous and upright; as father (De 32:18); as a stronghold (2Sa 22:32; Isa 17:10); as a secure height and refuge (Ps 62:7; 94:22); as a source of salvation.—De 32:15; Ps 95:1.

SAVIOR. 

Heb., Moh·shi′aʽ (Isa 43:11; 45:21); Gr., So·ter′.—Compare Lu 1:47.
 

SHEPHERD.

Ps 23:1; 1Pe 2:25.
 

SOVEREIGN LORD.

Ge 15:2; Lu 2:29. See App 1E.
 

SUPREME ONE. 

Aram., ʽEl·yoh·nin′.—Da 7:18, 22, 27.
 

THE [TRUE] GOD. 

Heb., ha·ʼElo·him′.—See App 1F.
 

THE [TRUE] GOD. 

Heb., ha·ʼEl′.—See App 1G.
 

THE [TRUE] LORD. 

Heb., ha·ʼA·dhohn′. -

http://biblicalarchaeology.theworldnewsmedia.org/post/71342876515/worlds-third-oldest-bible-displayed-at

http://theworldnewsmedia.org/space/content?tag=Ancient%20Manuscripts

 

In case anyone wants to start categorizing some of these in a new category ... let me know.

 

...amongst other things, presents in the form of beautifully illustrated diagrams all the weights and measures and currencies discussed in the Bible.

These can be a bit bamboozling ... for example do you know the difference between a drachma and a denarius?Could you explain how many Minas made a Talent?What was the modern value of the Lepton used by the widow at the temple, and given favorable mention by Jesus saying her sacrifice was more valuable than those given by the wealthy as "she gave all she had"?

As these ancient currencies are frequently mentioned in the scriptures, its good to have some knowledge about them. If you would like some further detailed information about the various forms currency discussed in the Bible, there is a very good reference work called:

"The Money of the Bible" by Bible scholar George Charles Williamson.

The_Money_of_the_Bible_-_George_Williamson.pdf

 

Covenants_in_the_Bible-1.pdf

 

 

Continue forward to the Master Chronological List

---

See also:

• Timeline of the Kings of Israel (needed)
• Graphical Chart version of the Promised Seed (needed)

---

1826 C.E. The Russian czar was induced to have the Russian Bible Society placed under the management of the "Holy Synod" of the Russian Orthodox Church, which then effectively suppressed its operations. See w97 10/1 pg. 12.

1823 C.E. Joseph Smith a 17-year old, told his family that an angel named Moroni had appeared to him and had shown him a set of golden plates. Four years later he claimed that he was given the plates and the exclusive divine power to translate them, in 1830 C.E. "The Book of Mormon" was published from Smith's manuscripts, financed by a prosperous believer, thus was the formation of the Mormon religion or also known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. See g95 11/8 pgs. 17-25.

1813 C.E. From the time of the British and Foreign Bible Society's formation in 1804 C.E., by 1813 C.E., associate Bible societies had been formed in Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Russia. In time, Bible societies in other countries were added. However, relatively few translators knew Hebrew or Greek and there were literally thousands of languages, therefore, when the British and Foreign Bible Society sponsored translations, the translators very often based their work on the English-language King James Version. See w97 10/15 pgs. 8-12.

1807-18 C.E. At the risk of his own life, Robert Morrison translated the Bible into Chinese. See w97 10/1 pg. 13.

1806 C.E. Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France, refuses to recognize the "Holy Roman Empire" as existing effectively bringing it to its end. [Emperor Francis II released the Germanic states from their allegiance to the "Holy Roman Empire." He resigned from the Roman Imperial Dignity and withdrew to his national government as emperor of Austria.]

19th Century. Early in the century, Pavsky, a professor at the St. Pertersburg Academy for Divinity, translated the Gospel of Matthew from Greek into Russian. Other books of the Christian Greek Scriptures were also translated into Russian and Pavsky served as editor. Later, Pavsky translated the Hebrew Scriptures from Hebrew into Russian. About the same time Makarios, an archimandrite of the Orthodox Church, also translated the Hebrew Scriptures into Russian. Both Pavsky and Makarios were punished for their efforts and their works were put into the church archives. See w97 10/1 pg. 12.

1800 C.E. Mary Jones a 16-year old Welsh girl walked barefoot for 25-miles to buy a Welsh Bible from a clergyman. She had saved her money for six years, when Mary learned that all the Bibles had been sold, she sobbed. Deeply moved the clergyman gave Mary one of his own Bibles. This clergyman reflected on the many others who needed Bibles, he discussed this problem with some friends in London, the result was the formation, in 1804 C.E. of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Its premise: to provide people with affordable Bibles in their own language, printed "without note or comment." See w97 10/15 pgs. 8-12.

1793 C.E. England as a world power [being a seafaring and colonial power], certain Englishmen took the Bible with them on their journeys. This laid the groundwork for an extended Bible campaign. Missionary William Carey sailed to India, he eventually translated the entire Bible or parts of it into 35 Indian languages. See w97 10/15 pgs. 8-12.

1775 C.E. American colonies of Britian, revolt, leading to the establishment of the United States of America. [Future ally of Britian the SEVENTH WORLD POWER] See yw pgs. 104-27.

1763 C.E. GREAT BRITAIN emerges as the SEVENTH WORLD POWER. See yw pgs. PGS. 104-27, also bf pg. 592.

1588 C.E. Jehovah disperses the Spanish Armada causing a "Protestant Wind" 1587 C.E. Independent Russian Orthodox Church is established, with the Patriarch of Moscow as head.

1559 C.E. Pope Paul IV rules that no Bible could be printed in the vernacular without church approval, and this the church refused to grant. [In 1564 C.E. Pope Pius IV stated: "Experience has shown that if reading the Bible in the vulgar tongue is permitted indiscriminately, ...more harm than good arises therefrom."]

a. 1544 C.E. Francisco de Enzinas is imprisoned by the Catholic Inquisition for translating and publishing the Christian Greek Scriptures in Spanish. See w97 10/1 pg. 13.

1538 C.E. King Henry VIII of England, for his own reasons ordered that Bibles be placed in every church in England. Though Tyndale is not credited, the translation that was chosen was essentially his. See w97 9/15 pgs. 25-9.

1535 C.E. Miles Coverdale completes William Tyndale's work of translation, the entire English Bible appeared in 1535 C.E. See sh pg. 325.

1534 C.E. John Calvin leaves Paris, France because of religious persecution settles in Basel, Switzerland, in defense of protestants he publishes "Institutes of Christian Religion" [French Calvinist Protestants were called Huguenots, from Calvinism sprang the Presbyterian Church, and the Reformed Churches.] See sh pgs. 321-5.

1534 C.E. English Parliment passes acts declaring Henry VIII to be the supreme head of the Church of England, (Episcopal Church), with authority to redress errors, heresies, and abuses in the church. (The Puritans demanded more thourough reform to purify the church of Roman Catholic practices, many dissidents fled to the Netherlands or to North America, where they further developed their Congregational and Baptist Churches.) There also sprang up in England the Society of Friends (Quakers), under the leadership of George Fox (1624-91), and under John Wesley (1703-91), the Methodist Church was founded in 1738. See sh pgs. 313, 325-7.

1531 C.E. King Henry VIII of England imposes royal supremacy on the English clergy.

1529 C.E. Protestant movement is established by Luther's supporters, and the following year the Protestant League of Schmalkald is entered into.

1526 C.E. William Tyndale produces 3,000 copies of his English New Testament, in Worms, Germany, these are sent to England and began to be distributed there. Some of these were the Bibles that Bishop Tunstall bought and burned, unknowingly he finantially aided Tynsdale to continue his work. In 1536 C.E. Tyndale was betrayed in Antwerp, Belgium, and strangled at the stake, then his body was burned. See sh pg. 325, also see w97 9/15 pgs. 25-9.

16th Century Reformation: Anglican Episcopal from which sprang the Methodist Church, [from which sprang the Salvation Army], the Baptist Church [from which sprang the Pentecostal Church, and the Congregational Church]. See sh pgs. 320-1, & 326-7.

c. 1519 C.E. Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531), in Switzerland, began to preach against indulgences, Mariolatry, clerical celibacy, and other doctrines of the Catholic Church. Zwingli advocated the removal of all vestiges of the Roman Church, including images, crucifexes, clerical garb [sacerdotal vestments], even liturgical music. See sh pgs. 319-20.

1517 C.E. Reformations beginning, on October 31, Martin Luther (1483-1546) nails his 95-theses to the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany adding more branches to the false religious tree of Christendom. From which sprang the Lutheran Church i.e. the German, Swedish, American, and others. Though Luther spoke of reform, today's modern church is not much different from its predecessor. See sh pgs. 21, 314-9.

1516 C.E. Dutch scholar Desiderius Erasmus produced the first complete printed edition of the Greek text. Erasmus wished that the Scripture "were translated into all languages of all people." However, he hesitated to risk his great popularity by translating it himself. See w97 9/15 pgs. 25-9.

1497 C.E. Girolamo Savonarola (1452-98), a Dominican monk spoke out against corruption of both the Church and State, in 1497 C.E. the pope excommunicated him and the following year, he was arrested, tortured, and hanged. See sh pgs. 312-3.

1453 C.E. Constantinople is captured by Mohamet (Mohammed II), Greek Patriarch of Constantinople is allowed to continue in office.

1450 C.E. Johannes Gutenberg began printing with movable type in Germany. His first great work was an edition of the Latin Vulgate Bible, completed a. 1455 C.E. By 1495 C.E. all or part of the Bible had been printed in German, Italian, French, Czech, Dutch, Hebrew, Catalan, Greek, Spanish, Slavonic, Portuguese, and Serbian--in that order. See w97 9/15 pgs. 25-9.

1403 C.E. Jan Hus (1369?-1415), a Bohemian Catholic priest preaches against corruption of the Roman Catholic Church and stressed the importance of reading the Bible. In 1403 church authorities ordered him to stop preaching the anti-papal ideas of Wycliffe, whose books they also publicly burned. Hus wrote some of the most stinging indictments against the practices of the church, including the sale of indulgences. Hus was condemned and excommunicated in 1410 C.E., and in 1415 C.E. he was tried for heresy and burned at the stake. See sh pgs. 311-2, also w97 9/15 pgs. 25-9.

1382 C.E. Anne of Bohemia, possessed Wycliffe's translation, she married Richard II of England in 1382 C.E., she studied the Scripture constantly. When she became Queen, her favorable attitude helped to advance the cause of the Bible, not only in England, she encouraged students from Prague University in Bohemia to come to Oxford. There they studied the works of Wycliffe enthusiastically and some took them back to Prague. See w97 9/15 pgs. 25-9.

SEEDS OF RELIGIOUS REFORM. John Wycliffe (1330?-84) a Catholic priest, translated the Latin Vulgate Bible into English. Wycliffe's writings and portions of the Bible were distribued throughout England by a body of preachers. See sh pgs. 310-2, also w97 9/15 pgs. 25-9.

1270-2 C.E. Eighth Crusade, led by Louis IX of France, but collapsed following his death in North Africa. This was the final crusade. See w90 2/1 pgs. 17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1252 C.E. Infamous Catholic Inquisition begins, Pope Innocent IV issued the Papal bull "Ad extirpanda" which allowed torture of suspected "heretics" (being burned at the stake, the usual method employed to put heretics to death by the 13th century, ...had its symbolism, implying that by administering this kind of punishment, the church was not guilty of shedding blood.) The Catholic Inquisition went on for more than 600 years, in the pope's name [the inquisitors] were responsible for for the most savage and sustained onslaught on human decency in the history of mankind. Of Dominican inquisitor Tomas de Torquemada in Spain, Peter De Rosa, in his book, "Vicars of Christ--The Dark Side of the Papacy" states: "Appointed in 1483, he ruled tyrannically for fifteen years. His victims numbered over 114,000 of whom 10,220 were burned at the stake." See sh pgs. 282-3, w90 2/1 pgs. 18-9, g89 8/8 pgs. 24-5, g86 4/22 pgs. 20-4.

1248-54 C.E. Seventh Crusade, led by Louis IX of France. See w 90 2/1 pgs. 17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1229 C.E. During the 12th century Pierre Valdes (Peter Waldo), of Lyons, France engaged some scholars to translate the Bible into a regional language of the south of France, he studied the translation zealously, and concluded that Christians should live like the apostles without individual property. He started a preaching movement that became known as the Waldenses, these rejected the Catholic priesthood, indulgences, purgatory, transubstantiation, and other traditional Catholic practices & beliefs. In 1229 C.E. the Council of Toulouse tried to check them by banning the possession of Scriptural books. See sh pgs. 280-2, w87 7/15 28-9, g89 8/22 pg. 17.

1228-9 C.E. Sixth Crusade, was led by Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, whom Pope Gregory IX had previously excommunicated. See w90 2/1 pgs. 17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1217-21 C.E. Fifth Crusade, the last under papal control, failed because of flawed leadership & clergy interference. See w90 2/1 pgs.17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4. 1215 C.E. King John of England signs the Magna Carta setting forth a new world of freedoms from Monarchy.

1212 C.E. Children's Crusade, brought death to thousands of German & French children before they even reached their destination. See w90 2/1 pgs. 17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1202-4 C.E. Fourth Crusade, was diverted for lack of funds from Egypt to Constantinople; material assisstance was promised in return for helping enthrone Alexius, an exiled Byzantine pretender to the crown. "The [resulting] pillage of Constantinople by the crusaders is something that the Orthodox East has never forgotten or forgiven," says the Encylopedia of Religion, adding: "If any single date is to be cited for the firm establishment of the schism, the most appropriate at least from a psychological standpoint is the year 1204 C.E." See w90 2/1 pgs. 17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1189-92 C.E. Third Crusade, was undertaken after the Muslims retook Jerusalem, (had as one of its leaders Richard I, "the Lionhearted," of England), this crusade soon "disintegrated," says the Enclyclopedia of Religion, "through attrition, quarreling and lack of cooperation." See w90 2/1 pgs. 17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1147-9 C.E. Second Crusade, was initiated because of the loss of the County of Edessa to Syrian Muslims in 1144 C.E.; it ended when the Muslims successfully turned back Christendom's "infidels." See w90 2/1 pgs.17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1096-9 C.E. First Crusade, resulted in the recapture of Jerusalem and the establisment of four Latin states in the east: the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, and the County of Tripoli. An authority quoted by H.G. Wells says of the capture of Jerusalem: "The slaughter was terrible; the blood of the conquered ran down the streets, until men splashed in the blood as they rode. At nightfall, 'sobbing for excess of joy,' the crusaders came to the Sepulchre from their treading of the winepress, and put their blood-stained hands together in prayer." For more information about the crusades see sh pgs. 281-2, w987 7/15 pg. 28, w90 2/1 pgs. 17-8, g89 8/8 pgs. 22-4.

1079 C.E. Pope Gregory VII issued the first of many medieval church edicts banning the production and sometimes even the possession of vernacular versions of the Bible. He revoked permission for mass to be celebrated in the Slavonic language on the grounds that it would require portions of the Holy Scripture to be translated, he wrote: "It [has] pleased Almighty God that holy scripture should be secret in certain places." With this as the official position of the church, promoters of Bible reading were increasingly considered dangerous. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11.

1054 C.E. Eastern Orthodox church breaks in a major schism. Final break between the Greek & Latin churches, when the pope's legates excommunicate Patriarch Michael Cerularius of Constantinople. When this break occurred, this formed the Eastern Orthodox Church from which sprang the Russian Orthodox Church, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Romanian Orthodox Church & others. See sh pg. 280.

962 C.E. February 2, Pope John XII crowns Otto the Great, (Otho I), emperor of the "Holy Roman Empire," it came to be known as the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" the capital was in Germany, the emperors and the majority of the subjects were Germans. So under Otho I Germany and Italy were brought into a close relationship, but with Germany on top, for Italy was treated finally as a conquered province, at this point the KING OF THE NORTH in Daniel's prophecy effectively changes from Rome to Germany. See yw pgs. 220-63.

863 C.E. Two Greek-speaking brothers, Cyril and Methodius, went to Moravia, (now part of the Czeck Republic), they began to translate the Bible into Old Slavonic. To do so, they devised the Glugolitic alphabet, which was later superseded by the Cyrillic alphabet, (named after Cyril). This was the source of present-day Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, and Bulgarian scripts. The Slavic Bible served people of that area for generations. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11.

800 C.E. Pope Leo III crowns Frankish king Charlemagne as emperor of the "Holy Roman Empire." For a thousand years, this empire represented the union between Church & State, during this time the clergy enjoyed varying degrees of power over secular authorities. See bf pg. 484.

622 C.E. Mohammed flees from his enemies to Medina. (Islam Era begins) See sh pgs. 284-303

a. 550 C.E. A group of Jews known as the Masoretes developed a systematic copying method for preserving the Hebrew Scripture text. This involved counting the lines and even the individual letters, noting variations among manuscripts, all in an effort to preserve the authentic text. A comparison of modern Masoretic text with the Dead Sea Scrolls, written between 250 B.C.E. & 50 B.C.E., shows no doctrinal changes in over 1,000 years. This Masoretic Text preparation continued to a. 950 C.E. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11, also see si pgs. 310-14.

395 C.E. January 17th at the death of Roman emperor Theodosius, the Roman Empire was divided between his sons, Honorius receiving the western section and Arcadius the eastern, with its capital at Constantinople.Egypt fell to the lot of Constantinople and became a province of the eastern division of the Roman Empire. See yw pg. 260.

382-405 C.E. Pope Damasus commisions his secretary, Jerome, to prepare an authoritative Latin Bible. Jerome completed his work a. 405 C.E., Jerome's work became known as the Vulgate, or common version, rather than using the Greek Septuagint version which proved to have many errors, (despite many criticisms from the church, because of fears that not using the Greek Septuagint as the basis for translation would further divide the western church from the Greek eastern church), however, Jerome translated from the inspired Hebrew manuscripts available to him at that time, and it benefited people for centuries. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11, also see w99 1/1 pgs. 26-29.

378 C.E. Emperor Gratian conferred upon [Damasus], the right to pass judgment upon those clergymen of the other party who had been expelled from Rome, and at the request of a Roman synod held the same year, instructed the secular authorities to give him the necessary support. ... The Pope, as he is now, was at the close of the fourth century, the only representative of Belshazzar, or Nimrod, on the earth, for the Pagans manifestly accepted him as such. See "Damasus I, pope," pg. 252b of Vol. 2 M'Clintock and Strong's Cyclopedia. Also see the book "The Two Babylons by Doctor Alexander Hyslop pgs. 241, 242, 247, 250, 252, & 255. Also see bf pg. 340.

366 C.E. Pope Damasus I succeeded Liberius as bishop of Rome, he was opposed by Ursicinus, who claimed the election, and in their disgraceful stifes many people were murdered ... The man [Pope Damasus I] that came into the bishopric of Rome, as a thief and a robber, over dead bodies of above a hundred of his opponents, could not hesitate as to the election he should make. The results shows that he acted in character, that, in assuming the Pagan title of Pontifex, he had set himself at whatever sacrifice of truth to justify his claims to that title in the eyes of the Pagans, as the legitimate representative of their long line of pontiffs.. See "Damasus I, pope," pg. 252b of Vol. 2 M'Clintock and Strong's Cyclopedia. Also see the book "The Two Babylons" by Doctor Alexander Hyslop pgs. 241, 242, 247, 250, 252, & 255. Also see bf pg. 340.

330 C.E. May 11th Emperor Constantine moved his imperial residence from Rome to Byzantium, he founded the new imperial capital and dedicated it as New Rome or Constantinople. But there was still one Roman Empire. See yw pg. 260.

325 C.E. Christendom's early beginnings, Emperor Constantine, (324-337), Pontifex Maximus, calls for a council of "his bishops" at Nicaea, Asia Minor out of which the pagan trinity doctrine was adopted as "Christian Theology" this was the early beginnings of the Catholic Church. See sh pgs. 262, 271, 268-72 & 309-13.

303 C.E. Emperor Diocletian decrees that Christian meeting places be razed and their "Scriptures be consumed with fire." See w97 10/1 pg. 11.

272-4 C.E. Palmyrenes surrender their city. Aurelian, though he dealt magnanimously with the inhabitants, collected an immense quantity of plunder, including the idol from the Temple of the Sun, and departed for Rome. The Roman emperor spared Zenobia, making her the prize feature of his triumphal procession through Rome in 274 C.E. See w99 1/15 pgs. 28-31.

271 C.E. Roman Emperor Aurelian, (270-275) now representing the "KING OF THE NORTH" of Daniel's prophecy, Aurelian "aroused his power and his heart against the king of the south," represented by Zenobia. (Daniel 11:25a) Aurelian dispached some of his forces directly to Egypt and led his main army eastward through Asia Minor. The "KING OF THE SOUTH" or the ruling entity headed by Zenobia--"excited himself" for warfare against Aurilian "with an exceedingly great and mighty military force" under two generals, Zabdas and Zabbai. (Daniel 11:25b) Aurelian conquered Egypt, then launched an expedition into Asia Minor and Syria. Zenobia was defeated at Emesa (now Homs), she retreated to Palmyra. See w99 1/15 pgs. 28-31.

269 C.E. Zenobia of Palmyra, (Syria) seizes opportunity to expand her power and throne when a pretender disputing Roman rulership appeared in Egypt, Zenobia's army marched into Egypt, crushed the rebel and took possession of the country. Proclaiming herself queen of Egypt. Her kingdom now stretched from the river Nile to the river Euphrates. At this point she came to occupy the position of the "KING OF THE SOUTH" spoken about in the book of Daniel, (Daniel 11:25, 26). She also conquered most of Asia Minor. See w99 1/15 pgs. 28-31.

a. 170 C.E. The earliest known catalog of the "New Testament" books, called the "Muratorian Fragment," was produced, it list most of the Christian Greek Scriptures. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11.

150-170 C.E. Tatian, a student of the early Christian, Justin Martyr, produces the "Diatessaron," a composite account of Jesus' life, compiled from the same four Gospels found in our present-day Bibles. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11.

c. 125 C.E. Rylands Papyrus 457 (P52), are fragments of the Gospel John. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11, also see si pgs. 305-14.

c. 100 C.E. APOSTASY firmly established at the death of the last apostle (John). "Man of Lawlessness" is revealed in fulfillment of 2-Thess. 2:3 & 2:7 . Christian Greek Scriptures completed c. 98 C.E. with the writing of the Gospel John. See sh pgs. 260, 263-5 & 278, also see jv pgs. 33-41, also see bf pgs. 472, 474, 479 & 480.

98-117 C.E. Emperor Trajan, ambitious to build a great oriental empire, entered upon a war of aggression in which he defeated the Parthians in Persia and added Armenia, Mesopotamia and Assyria to the empire as provinces. This represents the expansion of Rome to its greatest extent, but these conquest by Trajan in the east were abandoned by his successor. See "On the Road to Civilization," by Heckel and Sigman (1937), pg.198, par. 1. also see yw pg. 256.

70 C.E. Roman General Titus returns to Jerusalem and lays seige with pointed stakes, 1,100,000 Jews perish, 97,000 are taken captive, this is in fulfillment of the prophecy given by Jesus Christ at Luke 19:44.

66 C.E. Roman General Cestius Gallus surrounds Jerusalem with soldiers and even undermines the temple wall, then for some reason suddenly departs. This allows faithful Christians to flee to the mountains, fulfillment of prophecy by Jesus Christ at Luke 21:20.

41 C.E. Caligula, or Gaius is succeeded by his uncle, Claudius in the year 41 C.E. Claudius saw to the further development of the empire along the lines that Augustus had in mind. Says one authority: "Client-states were absorbed, southern Britian was conquered, the Romanization of the West received powerful impulse, public works were executed in Rome and Italy, and the organization of the imperial bureaucracy made rapid strides." (See The Encyclopedia Britanica, Volume 23, pg. 651b.) Says a history: "An important extension of the state was made under Claudius, who sent a sucessful expedition into Britian in 43 C.E. and added to the southern portion of the island as the province of Britania. Later the British frontier was pushed farther northward and secured by a line of defenses. See "On the Road to Civilization," by Heckel and Sigman (1937), pg. 198, par. 1., also see yw pg. 256.

37 C.E. Tiberius Caesar dies in the latter half of March, 37 C.E. The historian Tacitus refers to him as "one of studied dissimulation and hypocrisy from the beginning." He is remembered as a "contemptible person." Tiberius is succeeded by Gaius Caesar also known as Caligula. See yw pg. 256.

36 C.E. Roman centurion Cornilus, and members of his household are baptized. End of the 70-weeks of years as prophesied at Daniel 9:1-27. See IT-1 pgs. 439-442 & 496-500 & pg. 513.

33 C.E. Nisan 14, Jesus impaled on torture stake. Holy spirit is poured out upon 120-Christian disciples on the day of Pentecost 33 C.E., in fulfillment of the prophecy at Joel 2:28, 29.

29-33 C.E. Jesus Christ earthly ministry. The end of 69-weeks of years, when Jesus presents himself to John to be baptised at the Jordan River, and is annointed with holy spirit as the "Christ" or "Messiah," in 29 C.E. in fulfillment of Daniel's prophecy at Daniel 9:1-27. For Jesus' life story and the Bible prophesies that he fulfilled, see the book "The Greatest Man Who Ever Lived," published by the Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society of Jehovah's Witnesses (1991). Also see IT-2 pgs. 54-72.

14 C.E. (August 19th) Caesar Augustus, (Octavius) dies leaving as successor his stepson Tiberius. Caesar Augustus did not want Tiberius to be his successor, he hated his stepson because of his bad qualities. Augustus was forced to accept Tiberius as his successor only after every other hope had failed. Emperor Augustus had no sons, his sister had a son Marcellus, but he died. His daughter had two sons, Gaius and Lucius, and these Augustus appointed as his successors. These also died, he loved his dear stepson Drusus, the younger brother of Tiberius but again Drusus died on September 14, 9 C.E. This left only Tiberius, who was a capable general of the top-ranking soldier of the Roman Empire. In the year 12 C.E. Agrippa the great general of the Emperor Augustus died at the age of fifty-one years, then Livia, the mother of Tiberius, induced the emperor wih great difficulty, to replace Agrippa with her son Tiberius. To replace Agrippa, though required Tiberius to become the son-in-law of the emperor. So to his great grief, Tiberius was compelled to exchange Agripina, the daughter of Agrippa, for the emperor's daughter Julia. In 4 C.E. Emperor Augustus adopted Tiberius and Agrippa Postumus. Nine years later, by special law, Tiberius was raised to the coregency with emperor Augustus. When Augustus died the following year, Tiberius was made emperor. No wonder that Jesus referred to Tiberius as "that fox." See yw pgs. 250-2.

13 C.E.** Caesar Augustus sets up the emperor's bodyguard known as the Praetorian Guards which are later enlarged by his successor. These Guards had been seen only near Rome in small detachments, later Tiberius changed this, he had the Guards encamp permanently in full force close to the city walls of Rome. By this arrangement he held in check any unruliness of the people. This attached great importance to the commander of the Guards. The Guards came to to enjoy special privileges and in time became so powerful that they were able to put emperors in office or to dethrone them, according to their will. See yw pg. 250 & 254.

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2 B.C.E. John the Baptizer born [about April], Jesus born [about October 1st.]

27 B.C.E. In the battle for power Octavius finally came forth as the sole ruler of Rome and became the first Roman emperor. He turned down the titles of rex ("king") and dictator. Finally, in 27 B.C.E. by decree of the Roman Senate, he was styled Augustus. The Greeks translated this title as Sebastos, which means "Reverend One." See yw pg. 248.

30 B.C.E. Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt the KING OF THE SOUTH commits suicide, Egypt becomes a Roman province, subject to the KING OF THE NORTH. See yw pg. 248.

37 B.C.E. Herod the Great captures Jerusalem and establishes himself as king, to end Maccabean rule. See yw pg. 246.

39 B.C.E. Herod the Great succeeds his father Antipater II to the throne, appointed king by Rome the SIXTH WORLD POWER. See bf pg. 335.

45 B.C.E. Julius Gaius Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus, as such he is not only the head of the Roman state, he is the head of the Roman religion, all of the powers and funtions of the true Babylonian Pontiff were supremely vested in him, and he found himself in a position to exert these powers. ...Then, on certain occasions, in the exercise of his high pontifical office, he appeared of course in all the pomp of the Babylonian costume, as Belshazzar himself might have done, in robes of scarlet, with the crozier of Nimrod in his hand, wearing the mitre of Dagon [the fish god] and bearing the keys of Janus [the two-faced god] and Cybele [the "mother" goddess]. Notice the similarities in false religion today. See the book "The Two Babylons" by Doctor Alexander Hyslop pgs. 241, 242, 247, 250, 252, & 255 Also see bf pg. 339.

63 B.C.E. Roman General Gnaeus Pompey lays a three month seige to Jerusalem and captures it, the Egyptian KING OF THE SOUTH was powerless to prevent it. Rome annexes Judea to the Roman Empire. ROME becomes the SIXTH WORLD POWER. Herod the Great is appointed king of the Jews in 40 or 39 B.C.E., and in 37 B.C.E. Herod effectively crushes the Hasmonean [Sadducees] rule. See IT-2 pgs. 822-5, also see yw pgs. 104-27 & pgs. 220-63.

64 B.C.E. Roman General Gnaeus Pompey annexes Syria as a Roman province, therefore Rome becomes the KING OF THE NORTH of Daniel's prophecy at Daniel 11:20-22. See yw pg. 229.

65 B.C.E. Antiochus XIII the last king of the Seleucid dynasty of kings is dethroned by Roman General Gnaeus Pompey the Great. See yw pg. 248.

104 B.C.E. The Maccabees establish a kingdom, when Aristobulus I assumed the title of king. See yw pg. 246.

139 B.C.E. Jews expelled from Rome for proselytizing. The government of Rome according to tradition was founded in the year 753 B.C.E., in 710 B.C.E., King Numa Pompillius set himself up in the office of Pontifex Maximus at Rome, the very office occupied by the head of the Catholic Church, he was a pagan Etruscan magic-practicing priest. See sh pgs. 262, 271 & 268-72.

a. 150 B.C.E. Greek Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible is completed. See w97 pgs. 8-11.

161 B.C.E. The Maccabees made a treaty with Rome, the first of theirs on record. See yw pg. 246.

163 B.C.E. Antiochus IV won his war with Egypt. He had himself crowned as king of Egypt. Then the Roman fleet brought its ambassador Caius Popilius Laenas with orders from the Roman Senate that Antiochus IV renounce his kingship of Egypt and quit the country. The Syrian king did so, but kept his hold on Coele-Syria, Palestine and Phoenicia. In 163 B.C.E. he died as a temple looter in Persia. After him there were many more independent kings of the Seleucid dynasty in Syria. See yw pgs. 247-8.

165 B.C.E. Temple rededicated to Jehovah. Jewish celebration of Hanukkah begins in commemoration of this event. Beginning a period of rule of Maccabean kings, in the order in which they ruled as follows: Simon Maccabeus, John Hyrcanus I, Aristobulus I, Alexander Jannaeus and his widow Salome Alexandra, Aristobulus II, John Hyrcanus II, and the last Hasmonean king, Antigonus, who was deposed and executed by the Romans under Mark Antony. Jewish political parties were formed such as the pro-Hasmonean Sadducees and the anti-Hasmonean Pharisees, these ruled until 63 B.C.E., when Rome sent General Pompey to interfere with political party scwabbling. Rome begins to come into the role of the KING OF THE NORTH, but not until 64 B.C.E. when Rome annexes Syria does this transition completely take place. See Daniel's prophecy at Daniel 11:20-22. See yw pgs. 247, 249, & 251.

166 B.C.E. Judas Maccabeus recaptures Jerusalem from Syrian rule.

167 B.C.E. Judas Maccabeus, a Levite priest, became leader of a resistance movement against the Syrian rule of Antiochus IV.

168 B.C.E. Antiochus IV, (KING OF THE NORTH of Daniel chapter 11), erects an altar to the Greek god Zeus on top of Jehovah's altar in the temple courtyard. Judas Maccabeus attacks Ashdod, later in 148 B.C.E. Ashdod came under attack by Judas Maccabeus' brother Johnathan, during this second attack the temple of Dagon was burned down. Macedonia becomes dependent upon Rome in 168 B.C.E. and in 146 B.C.E. becomes a Roman province further reducing the Hellenistic empires to two, that of the KING OF THE NORTH and the KING OF THE SOUTH . See yw pgs. 220-263.

175 B.C.E. Antiochus IV of Syria, (KING OF THE NORTH of Daniel chapter 11), rules over the Jews, Antiochus is not tolerant of the worship given to Jehovah. Hoping to unify all peoples under his domain created one religion for all, with himself as "god manifest." See yw pgs. 220-263.

187 B.C.E. After being driven from Greece and losing Asia Minor and practically all of his fleet, Antiochus III turned his face back towards the strongholds of his own land. The Romans had turned back his reproach against themselves upon his own self. He was pressed to pay the large fine to Rome. In 187 B.C.E., while trying to rob the temple at Belus at Elymais in Persia, he was killed. He staggered and fell in death. He left two sons, Seleucus and Antiochus, to succeed him. See yw pg. 243.

189 B.C.E. Final peace arrangements were made, Antiochus III was required to disown everything in Asia Minor, everything west of the Taurus Mountains, as well as everything in Greece. He must pay 15,000 talents to Rome and 500 talents to her ally, Eumenes, king of Pergamum, who had helped defeat Antiochus III at Magnesia. As a further reward King Eumenes received European territory and all the possessions of Antiochus III in Asia Minor as far as the Taurus Mountains. Rome thus established a dominion over the Syrian KING OF THE NORTH. One of his sons, who became Antiochus IV, lived as a boy at Rome, as a hostage. See yw pgs. 242-3.

190 B.C.E. A decisive battle took place at Magnesia, near Ephesus, and Antiochus III with 80,000 men lost to the Roman "commander," Lucius Scipio Asiaticus. The KING OF THE NORTH was now willing to make peace with Rome. See yw pg. 242.

191 B.C.E. Rome declares war on Antiochus III, who was then at Acarnania. He returned to Chalcis. At Thermopylae he met the Romans and suffered defeat. He sailed back to Asia Minor to his capital at Ephesus, The Romans purposed to oust the KING OF THE NORTH from Asia, battles at sea were fought. Antiochus III was defeated, he abandoned Lysimachia on the Chersonese peninsula. By giving up Lysimachia he left the way for the Romans to cross the Hellespont into Asia Minor. See yw pg. 242.

192 B.C.E. Antiochus III met with reversals, it happened that war broke out in Greece in 192 B.C.E. and King Antiochus III was induced to come to Greece, he landed there that year. He captured Chalcis, gained a foothold in Boeotia and tried to take over Thessaly but retreated before the Macedonian army. See yw pg. 242.

193 B.C.E. Ptolemy V is declared of legal age and is crowned KING OF THE SOUTH at the age of eight. His marriage to Cleopatra is performed. Antiochus III did not actually let the dowry of conquered territories pass over to his southern son-in-law by way of his daughter Cleopatra, she became Queen Cleopatra I of Egypt, (seven successive queens of Egypt also carried the name Cleopatra), the intent of this political marriage was to "destroy it," or to bring Egypt to ruin, making it subject to Syria. But this scheme did not stand, and the advantage did not remain with Syrian King Antiochus III. In the difficulties that followed, Cleopatra took the side of her young husband rather than that of her Syrian father. In this way she frustrated the selfish designs of her father Antochus III. When at last war broke out between her father and Rome, Egypt took the side of her protector, Rome. See yw pg. 241.

196 B.C.E. Antiochus III aimed to have Syria dominate Egypt. Ptolemy V Epiphanes, king of Egypt, was only five years old, when Antiochus III and Philip V of Macedonia leagued against the boy king to take over his territories and split them between themselves, the guardians of Ptolemy V made a tragic mistake. They turned to Rome and placed him under the protection of that aggressive power. Under compulsion of Rome, Antiochus III brought terms of peace to the KING OF THE SOUTH. For a selfish reason he decided to make the boy king his son-in-law. Instead of making an outright surrender of his conqquered territories in obedience to Rome, he would make a nominal transfer of territory to King Ptolemy V by means of the "daughter of women," (Daniel 11:17), Cleopatra, the "daughter of his wife." In consideration of this political marriage she was to receive as dowry from her father the conquered provinces of Coele-Syria, Palestine and Phoenicia. See yw pgs. 240-1.

198 B.C.E. Antiochus III proved victorious. He drove Egypt's General Scopas and his 100,000 picked troops or "chosen people" back into the Phoenician seaport of Sidon, a "well-fortified city." Here he "cast up a mound" or seigeworks. He took Sidon in 198 B.C.E., for the bottled-up General Scopas was forced to surrender because of famine. Antiochus III pressed forward "according to his own will," as the forces of the KING OF THE SOUTH were unable to stand before him. He captured more cities and proceeded against the capital of the "beautious land," Jerusalem, with its rebuilt santuary. (Daniel 11:15, 16) Jerusalem and Judea passed from under the domination of the KING OF THE SOUTH to the KING OF THE NORTH. See yw pg. 239.

209 B.C.E. Antiochus III defeats the Parthians. The following year 208 B.C.E. He carries his conquest even further eastward, against the Bactrians deep in Asia. See yw pg. 236.

242 B.C.E. Ptolemy III Bernice's brother now became KING OF THE SOUTH, he came into the stronghold of the KING OF THE NORTH and dealt out death to the queen mother Laodice for the death of his sister. (Daniel 11:7) Ptolemy III overran Syria, captured the fortified part of the capital city of Antioch and also its seaport, Seleucia. Internal troubles in Egypt forced Ptolemy III to return, after taking back spoils that had been robbed from Egypt by Persian King Cambyses, (Daniel 11:8). Taking advantage of this situation Seleucus II Callinicus, (the Gloriously Thriumphant) struck back in revenge only to meet with defeat. He retreated to his Syrian capital of Antioch. He died before his humiliator, Ptolemy III of Egypt. His son Seleucus III, surnamed Ceraunus ("Thunderbolt") suceeded him only to be assassinated after reigning less than three years. His brother Antiochus III succeeds him and became called "the Great." See yw pgs. 233-4.

247-6 B.C.E. Ptolemy II dies, hence Bernice his daughter does not "retain the strength of her arm" (Daniel 11:6) with her husband King Antiochus II of Syria. He rejected her, and took back his first wife, Laodice, and named her first son, Seleucus Callinicus, to be his successor to the Syrian throne. Bernice and her infant son are murdered, along with her Egyptian attendants by plans of Laodice. Laodice also poisoned her husband Antiochus II who had taken her back. See yw pgs. 231-2.

250 B.C.E. King Ptolemy II, "KING OF THE SOUTH" waged two wars with the Syrian "KING OF THE NORTH," Antiochus II (Theos). The two kings entered into a peace arrangement. As the price of this alliance or "agreement" the Syrian KING OF THE NORTH must marry Bernice the daughter of Ptolemy II. Antiochus II was already married to Laodice. So this obliged him to divorce her in order to marry the Egyptian Bernice. By Bernice, Antiochus II of Syria had a son, who became heir to the throne of the "KING OF THE NORTH" to the exclusion of the sons of his first wife Laodice. (Daniel 11:5, 6) See yw pg. 231.

277 B.C.E. Antigonus Gonastas, the grandson of one-eyed General Antigonas, gained possession of the throne of Macedonia after General Lysimachus fell in battle before General Seleucus Nicator. See yw pg. 228.

a. 280 B.C.E. A group of Hebrew scholars are gathered to Alexandria, Egypt to translate the Hebrew Bible into the popular Koine [or common] Greek language which came to be known as the Greek Septuagint [Latin for "seventy," referring to the approximate number of translators believed to be involved]. See w97 8/15 pgs. 8-11.

280 B.C.E. Seleucus Nicator is assassinated after transferring the capital from Babylon to Seleucia, a new city he had built, the Seleucid dynasty of kings that he left to succeed him continued in power until 64 B.C.E., Antiochus I, his son succeeds him to the throne. Antiochus I dies in battle fighting the Galatians in Asia Minor, he is succeeded by his son Antiochus II. (Daniel's prophecy of the KING OF THE NORTH & the KING OF THE SOUTH, Dan. chap. 11, has its first & minor fulfillment between Seleucus Nicator of Syria & Ptolemy Lagus of Egypt, for further information see yw pgs. 221-63, in the year 191 B.C.E. Rome formally declared war on Antiochus III, in 190 B.C.E., Antiochus III was decisively defeated by the Roman commander Lucius Scipio Asiaticus.) See Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews, Book 12 chapters 4&5, Polybius' Book 28 chapter 17, also see yw pgs. 220-63.

281 B.C.E. General Lysimachus dies and is defeated in battle before General Seleucus Nicator and thus left Seleucus practically the master of all of the Asian territories. See yw pg. 228.

285 B.C.E. General Lysimachus took possession of the European part of the Macedonian Empire. However, in 277 B.C.E. Antigonus Gonatas, the grandson of one-eyed General Antigonus, gained possession of the throne of Macedonia after General Lysimachus fell in battle, (281 B.C.E.) before General Seleucus Nicator, reducing the Hellenistic empires to three. See yw pg. 228.

301 B.C.E. One-eyed General Antigonus, is killed and is defeated in battle after meeting the confederacy of three other generals against him, Cassander, Selecus, and Lysimachus. He fell in battle against them at the Ipsus in Phyrgia, Asia Minor, in 301 B.C.E. The four Hellenistic empires that resulted were (1.) that of General Cassander in Macedonia and Greece; (2.) that of General Lysimachus in Asia Minor and European Thrace, including Byzantium; (3.) that of General Seleucus Nicator (the Conqueror), who secured Babylon, Media, Syria, Persia and the provinces east of the Indus River; and (4.) that of Ptolemy Lagus, who secured Egypt, Libya, Arabia and Palestine and Coele-Syria. In a few years the male line of General Cassander died out, and in 285 B.C.E. General Lysimachus took possession of the European part of the Macedonian Empire. See yw pg. 228.

306 B.C.E. Ptolemy I the son of Lagus, (one of Alexander the Great's eight bodyguards), who was made the satrap of Egypt but assumed the title of king in 306 B.C.E. in imitation of one-eyed General Antigonus. Ptolemy I becomes the KING OF THE SOUTH in Daniel's prophecy, at Daniel 11:5, He was first of thirteen or fouteen Macedonian kings or Pharaohs of Egypt. According to his name, he established the Ptolemaic line of rulers over Egypt. See yw pg. 230.

a. 312 B.C.E. Ptolemy I captures Jerusalem on a sabbath day. He persuades the Jews to come south to Egypt as colonist, and a colony of Jews was established in Alexandria. With his son and successor he shared in founding the famous library and museum in Alexandria. The Jewish province of Judea stayed under control of Ptolemaic Egypt or the "KING OF THE SOUTH" until 198 B.C.E., when the "KING OF THE NORTH" took over. See yw pg. 230.

332 B.C.E. Alexander the Great defeats the Persian Empire. GREECE becomes the FIFTH WORLD POWER. Alexander's kingdom divided between his generals after his death in 323 B.C.E. One-eyed General Antigonus, after attempting to set himself up as lord of all Asia, and finally took the title of king after Alexander's death, claiming to be his heir. (Seleucus Nicator taking Mesopotamia & Syria; Cassander taking Macedonia & Greece; Ptolemy Lagus taking Egypt & Palestine; Lysimachus taking Thrace & Asia Minor.) Daniel chapter 8, Daniel chapter 11, Ezekiel chapter 26 & Jeremiah chapter 51 ~ See IT-1 pgs 70-1, also see yw pgs. 104-27, also bf pgs. 187, & 392.

455 B.C.E. Jerusalem's walls are rebuilt. Beginning 70-weeks of years as prophesied at Daniel 9:1-27. Book of Nehemiah written a. 443 B.C.E.; Book of Malachi written a. 443 B.C.E.

475 B.C.E. Artaxerxes Longimanus, Xerxes' successor, authorizes Ezra's return to Jerusalem with a large contribution for the support of the temple in 468 B.C.E.; Books of 1st & 2nd Chronicles completed in one roll c. 460 B.C.E.; Book of Ezra written c. 460 B.C.E.; Book of Psalms completed c. 460 B.C.E.; Book of Esther written 474 B.C.E. See Artaxerxes #2 IT-1 pg. 182.

480 B.C.E. Xerxes launched massive forces against the Greek mainland in retaliation for the defeat suffered at Marathon, following a costly victory at Thermopylae and the destruction of Athens, Xerxes' forces met defeat at Salamis and later at Plataea, causing Xerxes to return to Persia. Xerxes is assassinated by one of his courtiers. See Ahasuerrus #3 IT-1 pg. 61.

490 B.C.E. In a campaign against Greece at Marathon, Darius I is defeated. Darius I dies in 486 B.C.E., his son Xerxes (Ahasuerrus, husband to Queen Esther) succeeds his father. See Ahasuerrus #3 IT-1 pg. 61.

530 B.C.E. Cyrus the Great dies his son Cambyses succeeds him.

537 B.C.E. Jews repatriated to their homeland, return from exile in Babylon. Book of Daniel written c. 536 B.C.E.

539 B.C.E. Babylon captured by Cyrus of Persia. MEDO-PERSIA becomes the FOURTH WORLD POWER. See IT-2 pgs. 358-60, 611-17, also see yw pgs. 104-27, also bf pg. 187.

543 B.C.E. Buddhist Era begins in India. See sh pgs. 129-60.

551 B.C.E. Confucian Era begins in China, Taoism in China begins in the 5th or 6th century B.C.E. See sh pgs. 161-86.

c. 700 B.C.E. During the 8th century B.C.E. the Shinto religion sprang up in Japan. See sh pgs. 187-204

740 B.C.E. Ten-tribe kingdom of Israel destroyed by the Assyrian Empire. ASSYRIA attains prominence as the SECOND WORLD POWER. See IT-1 pgs. 200-5, also bf pg. 110.

748 B.C.E. Hoshea begins his rule [9-yrs.] Hoshea assassinated Pekah and then "began to reign" in place of him, however, it seems that his control became fully established or possibly he received the backing of the Assyrian monarch Tiglath-pileser III in c. 748 B.C.E. Book of Hosea written a. 745 B.C.E. See Hoshea #4 IT-1 pgs. 1148-9.

775 B.C.E. Pekah begins his rule [20-yrs.] Pekah assassinated Pekahiah and then began to rule as king. See IT-2 pgs. 594-5.

777 B.C.E. Pekahiah begins his rule [2-yrs.] See IT-2 pg. 595.

788 B.C.E. Menahem begins his rule [10-yrs.] Menahem assassinated Shallum, then began to rule, however, it seems that his years of kingship counted from c. 790 B.C.E. See IT-2 pg. 371.

788 B.C.E. Shallum begins his rule [1-mo.] Shallum assassinated Zechariah and then ruled as king. See Shallum #5 IT-2 pg. 906.

789 B.C.E. Zechariah begins his rule [6-mos.] Zechariah, "began to reign" in some sense, but evidently the kingship was not fully confirmed as his until c.792 B.C.E. See Zechariah #14 IT-2 pgs.1223-4.

852 B.C.E. Jeroboam II begins his rule [41-yrs.] Prophets: Jonah, Hosea, Amos [Book of Jonah written c. 844 B.C.E.] See Jeroboam #2 IT-2 pg. 38.

867 B.C.E. Jehoash begins his rule[16-yrs.] Prophet: Elisha, see Jehoash #2 IT-1 pg. 1266.

881 B.C.E. Jehoahaz begins his rule [17-yrs.] Jehoash evidently became associated with his father, Jehoahaz in the kingship. See Jehoahaz #2 IT-1 pg. 1265.

909 B.C.E. Jehu begins his rule [28-yrs.] Prophet: Elisha [Jehu, a military chief, assassinated Jehoram and then began to rule as king, however it seems that his years of kingship counted from c. 904 B.C.E.] See Jehu #3 IT-2 pgs. 22-5.

921 B.C.E. Jehoram begins his rule [12-yrs.] Prophet: Elisha [Jehoram, son of Ahab began to rule as king of Israel; but in at least one text the brief reign of his brother Ahaziah who died sonless, also may have been credited to Jehoram.] See Jehoram #2 IT-1 pg. 1270.

922 B.C.E. Ahaziah begins his rule [2-yrs.] Prophet: Elijah [Ahaziah, son of Ahab "became king" evidently his father was still living, Ahaziah's years may count from c. 919 B.C.E.] See Ahaziah #1 IT-1 pgs. 62-3.

940 B.C.E. Ahab begins his rule [22-yrs.] Prophets: Elijah, Micaiah [Ahab marries wicked Baal worshipper Jezabel] See Ahab #1 IT-1 pgs. 59-60.

951 B.C.E. Omri begins his rule [12-yrs.] Omri, chief of the army, began to rule as king. Tibni became king over part of the people, further dividing the nation c. 951 B.C.E., Omri overcame Tibni's opposition and became sole ruler of Israel c. 947 B.C.E., Samaria became Omri's capitol. See Omri #3 IT-2 pg.554.

951 B.C.E. Zimri begins his rule [7-days] Zimri, a military chief, assassinated Elah and then began to rule as king. See Zimri #3 IT-2 pg. 1235.

953 B.C.E. Elah begins his rule [2-yrs.] See Elah #3 IT-1 pg. 701.

976 B.C.E. Baasha begins his rule [24-yrs.] Baasha assassinated Nadab and then began to rule as king. See IT-1 pg. 234.

977 B.C.E. Nadab begins his rule [2-yrs.] See Nadab #4 IT-2 pg. 460.

997 B.C.E. Jeroboam begins his rule [22-yrs.] Prophet: Ahijah, See Jeroboam #1 IT-2 pgs. 37-8.

607 B.C.E. Beginning of the "Gentile Times" or "The Appointed Times of the Nations" [to last 2,520 years, as prophesied in Ezekiel 21:25-27. Jerusalem destroyed by Babylon, land left desolate for 70-years] Book of Lamentations written 607B.C.E.; Book of Jeremiah written 580 B.C.E.; Books of 1st & 2nd Kings completed in one roll 580 B.C.E. ~ See IT-1 pgs.132-5, also yw pgs. 104-127 & 264-307.

617 B.C.E. Zedekiah begins his rule [11-yrs.] Prophets: Jeremiah, Ezekiel / High Priest: Seraiah [Nebuchadnezzar II invaded Judah again, seige of Jerusalem began in 609 B.C.E., walls of Jerusalem were breached on the 9th day of the 4th month of 607 B.C.E., Jerusalem and its temple were burned on the 10th day of the 5th month of 607 B.C.E., lastly Jews abandoned Judah about the middle of the 7th month of 607 B.C.E.] See Zedekiah #4 IT-2 pgs. 1226-7.

618 B.C.E. Jehoiachin begins his rule [3-mos., 10-days] Nebuchadnezzar II took Jewish captives and temple treasures to Babylon. See IT-1 pg. 1267.

628 B.C.E. Jehoikim begins his rule [tributary to Egypt for 11-yrs.] Prophets: Habakkuk (?), Jeremiah [Book of Habakkuk perhaps written c.628 B.C.E.] See IT-1 pgs. 1268-9.

628 B.C.E. Jehoahaz begins his rule [3-mos.] See Jehoahaz #3 IT-1 pg. 1265.

c. 633 B.C.E. Nineveh falls to Medes and Caldeans BABYLON now in line to become THIRD WORLD POWER. [Book of Nahum written b.632 B.C.E.] See IT-2 pgs. 503-5, also IT-1 pgs. 235-9, also bf pg. 295.

659 B.C.E. Josiah begins his rule [31-yrs.] Prophets: Zephaniah, Jeremiah, the prophetess Hulda / High Priest: Hilkiah [Book of Zephaniah written b. 648 B.C.E.] See Josiah #1 IT-2 pgs. 117-8.

661 B.C.E. Amon begins his rule [2-yrs.] See Amon #2 IT-1 pg. 96.

716 B.C.E. Manasseh begins his rule [55-yrs.] Book of Proverbs completed c. 716 B.C.E.; Book of Micah written b. 716 B.C.E. See Manasseh #4 IT-2 pg. 307.

746 B.C.E. Hezekiah begins his rule [29-yrs.] Prophets: Micah, Hosea, Isaiah / High Priest: Azariah (II or III) [Book of Isaiah written c. 732 B.C.E.] See Hezekiah #1 IT-1 pgs. 1102-5.

762 B.C.E. Ahaz begins his rule [16-yrs.] Prophets: Micah, Hosea, Isaiah / High Priest: Urijah (?) [Ahaz evidently became tributary to Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria.] See Ahaz #2 IT-1 pgs. 61-2.

777 B.C.E. Jotham begins his rule [16-yrs.] Prophets: Micah, Hosea, Isaiah, see Jotham #3 IT-2 pgs. 118-9.

829 B.C.E. Uzziah begins his rule [52-yrs.] Prophets: Hosea, Joel (?), Isaiah / High Priest: Azariah (II) [Book of Joel perhaps written c. 820 B.C.E.; Book of Amos written c. 803 B.C.E.] See Uzziah #3 IT-2 pg. 1146.

858 B.C.E. Amaziah begins his rule [29-yrs.] Jehoash of Israel captured Amaziah, breached the walls of Jerusalem, and took treasure from the temple, Book of Jonah written c. 844 B.C.E. See Amaziah #2 IT-1 pg. 88.

898 B.C.E. Jehoash begins his rule [40-yrs.] High Priest: Jehoiada, see Jehoash #1, IT-1 pgs. 1265-6.

904 B.C.E. Queen Athaliah usurped the throne and ruled [6-yrs.] see IT-1 pg. 209.

906 B.C.E. Ahaziah begins his rule [1-yr.] High Priest: Jehoiada, see IT-1 pgs. 62-3.

913 B.C.E. Jehoram begins his rule [8-yrs.] Prophet: Elijah, see Jehoram #3, IT-1 pgs. 1270-1.

936 B.C.E. Jehoshaphat begins his rule [25-yrs.] Prophets: Jehu (son of Hanani), Eliezer, Jahaziel / High Priest: Amariah, see Jehoshaphat #3, IT-1 pgs. 1271-2.

977 B.CE. Asa begins his rule [41-yrs.] Prophets: Azariah, Oded, Hanani [Zerah the Ethiopian came against Judah in war 967 B.C.E.] See IT-1 pgs. 183-5.

980 B.C.E. Abijah begins his rule [3-yrs.] Prophet: Iddo, see IT-1 pgs. 22-3.

TEN-TRIBE KINGDOM OF ISRAEL [exist 257-years]

TWO-TRIBE KINGDOM OF JUDAH [exist 390-years]

997 B.C.E. KINGDOM DIVIDED

997 B.C.E. Rehoboam begins his rule [17-yrs.] Prophets: Shemeiah, Iddo [Shishak of Egypt invaded Judah and took treasures from the temple in Jerusalem]. See IT-2 pgs. 767-8.

1034 B.C.E. BEGINNING OF TEMPLE CONSTRUCTION See IT-2 pgs. 1076-83.

1037 B.C.E. Solomon begins his rule [40-yrs.] Prophets: Nathan, Ahijah, Iddo / High Priest: Abiathar, Zadok [Construction of temple begins 1034 B.C.E., construction completed 1027 B.C.E., Song of Solomon complete c. 1020 B.C.E., Book of Ecclesiastes complete b. 1000 B.C.E.] See IT-2 pgs. 986-93.

1077 B.C.E. David begins his rule [40-yrs.] Prophets: Nathan, Gad, Zadok / High Priest: Abiathar [Gad & Nathan complete writing 2-Samuel c. 1040 B.C.E.] See IT-1 pgs. 585-91.

Book of Ruth c. 1090 B.C.E.; Book of 1-Samuel completed c. 1078 B.C.E.] For detail of the kings, see IT-2 pgs. 170-4.

1117 B.C.E. Saul begins his rule [40-yrs.] Prophet: Samuel / High Priest: Ahijah, Ahimelech [Samuel completes Book of Judges c. 1100 B.C.E.; Samuel completes

1473 B.C.E. Conquest of Canaan [Israel is ruled by Jehovah, 13-judges i.e. Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Barak, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, Samson, and Eli. Total 356-years] Books of Numbers & Deuteronomy written by Moses 1473 B.C.E.; Book of Joshua written by Joshua c. 1450 B.C.E.; Book of Job written by Moses c. 1473 B.C.E. ~ See IT-2 pgs. 134-6.

c. 1500 B.C.E. [Hinduism originates in the Indus River Valley (now part of Pakistan) had its beginnings when an Indo-European people known as the Aryans moved into this area about 1500 B.C.E.] See g89 4/8 pgs. 24-27, also See sh pgs. 95-128.

1513 B.C.E. EXODUS FROM EGYPT Book of Genesis written by Moses 1513 B.C.E.; Books of Exodus & Leviticus written by Moses 1512 B.C.E.

a. 1600 B.C.E. Egypt attains prominence as FIRST WORLD POWER. See IT-1 pgs. 686-99, also bf pg. 60.

b. 1613 B.C.E. Job's trial [Job tested by Satan when Chaldeans raid Job's 3,000 camels] See IT-2 pg. 81.

1750 B.C.E. Joseph sold into slavery in Egypt, See IT-2 pgs. 106-11.

1711 B.C.E. Jacob dies

1858 B.C.E. Jacob born, see Jacob #1 IT-1 pgs. 1242-7.

1738 B.C.E. Isaac dies

1918 B.C.E. Isaac born, see IT-1 pgs. 1216-8.

1843 B.C.E. Abraham dies

1943 B.C.E. ABRAHAMIC COVENANT, see IT-1 pgs. 520-5.

2018 B.C.E. Abraham born, see IT-1 pgs. 28-32.

1943 B.C.E. Terah dies

2148 B.C.E. Terah born, see Terah #1 IT-2 pg. 1087.

2029 B.C.E. Nahor dies

2177 B.C.E. Nahor born, see Nahor #1 IT-2 pg. 462.

1977 B.C.E. Serug dies

2207 B.C.E. Serug born, see IT-2 pgs. 898-9.

2000 B.C.E. Reu dies

2239 B.C.E. Reu born, see IT-2 pg. 795.

2030 B.C.E Peleg dies

a. 2239 B.C.E. Tower of Babel [During the days of Peleg, Jehovah God confused the language of the people working on the Tower of Babel and the building of a mighty city in opposition to Jehovah, the people were scattered taking their god-defying, false religious practices with them. Thus was the beginning of Babylon the Great, the mother of (spiritual) harlots and of the disgusting things of the earth.] See IT-1 pgs. 234-5, also bf pgs. 11-45.

2269 B.C.E. Peleg born, see IT-2 pg. 595.

1839 B.C.E. Eber dies

2303 B.C.E. Eber born, see Eber #1 IT-1 pg 673.

1900 B.C.E. Shelah dies

2333 B.C.E. Shelah born, see Shelah #1 IT-2 pg. 918.

1930 B.C.E. Arpachshad dies

2368 B.C.E. Arpachshad born, see IT-1 pg. 179.

2370 B.C.E. GLOBAL FLOOD ~ [begins in November], see Deluge IT-1 pgs. 609- 12.

1868 B.C.E. Shem dies

2468 B.C.E. Shem born, see IT-2 pgs. 919-20.

2020 B.C.E. Noah dies

2970 B.C.E. Noah born, see Noah #1 IT-2 pgs. 506-8.

2375 B.C.E. Lamech dies

3152 B.C.E. Lamech born, see Lamech #2 IT-2 pg. 192.

2370 B.C.E. Methuselah dies ~ [global flood begins in November]

3339 B.C.E. Methuselah born, see IT-2 pg. 389.

3039 B.C.E. Enoch ~ [transferred so as not to experience the pangs of death]

3404 B.C.E. Enoch born, see Enoch #2 IT-1 pg. 729.

2604 B.C.E. Jared dies

3566 B.C.E. Jared born, see IT-1 pg. 1256.

2736 B.C.E. Mahalalel dies

3631 B.C.E. Mahalalel born, see Mahalalel #1 IT-2 pg. 295.

2791 B.C.E. Kenan dies

3701 B.C.E. Kenan born, see IT-2 pg. 145.

2886 B.C.E. Enosh dies

3791 B.C.E. Enosh born, see IT-1 pgs. 729-30.

2984 B.C.E. Seth dies

3896 B.C.E. Seth born, see IT-2 pg. 899.

3096 B.C.E. Adam dies

Exact Year Hidden - Eve created from Adam's rib (It is believed that it is unknown and "hidden" so that we wouldn't understand "EXACTLY" what God's timetable would be for Armageddon to arrive)

4026 B.C.E. Adam created, see Adam #1 IT-1 pgs. 44-6.

Exact date unknown - The Garden of Eden is formed (and protected as a sanctuary for later human life from dinosaurs that still exist) (Cherub who would later become Satan the Devil placed in charge of it) (He was 3rd ranking in the Universe after Michael the Archangel and "very beautiful")

Dinosaurs created and walk the Earth (the largest ones being God's Giant "Lawnmowers" for early pre-cambrian years lush vegetation.)

Creation account of Genesis

...Billions of years pass.....

Birth of the Moon (video) / Thea crashes into the Earth... both cool. Orbits are stabilized.

Michael the Archangel .. creates the Earth (great video)

Planets begin to form. Interplanetary gas and asteroids are cleaned up out of the Solar System by the sun igniting.
Our Sun ignites (video)

...Billions of years pass....

Our Milky Way Galaxy begins to form out of hydrogen gas (Video)

Hydrogen gas exists all over the known expanding Universe ....

(See also the following video regarding The Big Bang) 

The "Big Bang".......Expanding Universe / Entropy is started..... (see also: Cosmological Constant)

....How much Time?..... Billions of our years?....

Michael the Archangel creates the Heavens alongside His Father Jehovah. Jehovah being the Architect and Michael the Archangel (Jesus) the Master Builder (See Proverbs 8)

Michael the Archangel creates all the other angels one of whom would later become Satan the Devil

Michael the Archangel creates "time" as we understand it. (The expanding universe is what gives us "Time" therefore the "Big Bang" might have happened here before the angels were created or after. They live outside of our "realm" (using the Cosmological Constant)

Billions of years ago before the Universe was created Jesus, then known as Michael the Archangel was created by Jehovah using His Holy Spirit (See Colossians 1 - "The Firstborn of ALL creation")
Jehovah God has / had no beginning....He exists for time infinitum   (see also this post regarding the Lambda above

 

 

completeworksofj02jose.pdf

Hi:

This is one of the Bible Atlas's that the society uses, this is the only PDF online one, even though they have used a lot of his earlier maps in our older books.

GR

Bible Atlas - Ridling.pdf